Ms. Shari's Classes World History and Criminal and Civil Law

“Guns, Germs and Steel”

  Student/book Portfolio Essay Questions

World History/Ms. Shari

DIRECTIONS FOR YOUR "GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL”  STUDENT/BOOK PORTFOLIO:

THE PORTFOLIO AND READING ASSIGNMENT WILL GREATLY AFFECT YOUR SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETING THE COURSE.

• FOR EACH QUESTION, WRITE A 1 PAGE MINIMUM ESSAY. INCLUDE THE POSTED QUESTION AND YOUR THESIS STATEMENT (1 STATEMENT THAT YOU WILL SUPPORT THROUGHOUT THE ESSAY).

• ESSAY MUST INCLUDE YOUR IDEAS, THOUGHTS AND BOOK/SOURCE REFERENCES THAT SUPPORT YOUR THESIS (IDEA).  
• MUST USE AT LEAST ONE EXTRA SOURCE ALONG WITH YOUR "GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL" BOOK (ANOTHER BOOK, INTERNET, NOT WIKI, AN INTERVIEW, PRIOR KNOWLEDGE, OR CLASS INSTRUCTION).

• 1 PAGE MINIMUM ESSAY FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL QUESTION.

USE TABS TO SEPARATE SECTIONS INCLUDE ANY HAND WRITTEN NOTES, OUTLINES, DIAGRAMS WITH EACH SECTION FOR WHICH IT RELATES.

RUBRIC:   (REMEMBER YOUR GRADE IS ABOUT YOU AND YOUR EFFORT)

1. CONTENT - 50 POINTS (CONTENT IS THE THESIS, SUPPORTING FACTS, REFERENCES AND INFORMATION PRESENTED IN YOUR ESSAYS)

2. ORGANIZATION - 50 POINTS (INTRODUCTION, BODY, CONCLUSION)

3. CONTRIBUTION - 50 POINTS (YOUR OWN PERSONAL OPINIONS, THINKING AND INDIVIDUAL UNDERSTANDING WHEN WRITING YOUR ESSAYS).

4. PORTFOLIO COMPLETION- 50 POINTS (COVER PAGE, TYPED 12 FONT, DOUBLE SPACED, ALL QUESTIONS AND ESSAYS INCLUDED)

TOTAL POINTS - 200 POINTS

**READING THE BOOK IN CLASS - EACH UNIT WE COMPLETE IN CLASS, WILL INCLUDE READING IN CLASS FOR 30 POINTS) THE TOTAL POINTS OF THE READING GRADE OF "GUNS, GERMS AND STEEL" WILL DEPEND ON THE PACE OF OUR READING.

• PORTFOLIO IS DUE IN MARCH.
• I WILL COLLECT THE UNFINISHED PORTFOLIO AT THE END OF THE 1 SEMESTER FOR PROGRESS CHECK
• ESSAYS WILL BE PERIODICALLY CHECKED, BASED ON RUBRIC
• STUDENTS WILL BE PROVIDED TIME IN CLASS TO WORK ON PORTFOLIO, BUT MOST OF THE WORK WILL BE DONE ON THEIR OWN TIME OUTSIDE OF CLASS.
• IT IS AN INDEPENDENT ASSIGNMENT.

PORTFOLIO GRADE WILL COUNT AS PART OF THEIR FINAL COURSE GRADE. STUDENTS WILL STILL BE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A 60 QUESTION MULTIPLE QUESTION FINAL ON THE DAY OF 2ND SEMESTER FINALS IN MAY.

TUTORING IS OFFERED, EVERY THURSDAY IN THE MEDIA CENTER, BY MS. SHARI, FOR ANY STUDENT NEEDING EXTRA HELP WITH THE ASSIGNMENT OR WRITING.

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25 ESSAY PORTFOLIO QUESTIONS

1. What are some of the answers Diamond gives for Yali's Question, “Why does white man have so much cargo”… How does Mr. Diamond agree and disagree with others who try to explain what Yali meant?

2. Why does Mr. Diamond think the people of New Guinea might be "smarter" (average) than Westerners?

3. What is the difference between actual and possible reasons for how civilizations developed or ended?

4. What is the importance of how Diamond arranged the chapters in his book?

5. How do you feel about Diamond's explanations for Yali’s Question and how would you explain things?

6. How are the Polynesian Islands "an experiment of history"? Find them on a map and include a copy or diagram with your essay.

7. What does Diamond write about man’s understanding about a switch from Hunter-gathering to farming?

8. How is Farming an "auto-catalytic" process? What does Diamond mean by this process?

9. Why did almonds (nuts) become a (domesticated food) and acorns did not? Do we have acorn crops or farming? Why not?

10. Why were Apples and grapes domesticated by Europeans and not by others before them? (domesticated means grown for food, farming).

11. How does Diamond explain that the Mesopotamian Fertile Crescent helped spread culture to the world instead of Southwest Asia?

12. Why does Diamond disagree with those who think that some animals did not become domesticated in areas of the world because of cultural differences?

13. What is the importance of the "Anna Karenina principle"?

14. How is the spread of farming (agriculture) traced back to changes (mutations) of plants or did farming cause the mutations?

15. How do civilizations create or lend to epidemics (diseases)?

16. Diamond's theory is that Invention and innovation is necessary for the development of complex civilizations, and not just a nice perk, explain.

17. How does Religion spread with civilizations as they become more complex?

18. When Diamond looked at China, Vietnam, the islands in the Pacific, and places in Africa, is there evidence of language spreading with the people?

19. What is the importance of the different outcomes for the spread of Austronesians in Indonesia and New Guinea?

20. What does Diamond explain for China's unity as country, people and culture compared to Europe's differences in people, culture, conflict and countries through history?

21. Diamond disagrees that Australia is proof that things happen to people and societies because of the people messing things up and not because of the environment?

22. What are some of Diamond's beliefs, in the book, do you have trouble accepting?

23. Why did Diamond use an example of two small tribes, Chimbu and Daribi to explain how they are so different in accepting modern ways and "cargo",

24. What examples does Diamond use throughout the book to help support his last few pages of his final chapter in the book?

25. What do you believe about how civilizations have developed or ended, now that you have read the book and learned about World History? ?

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PowerPoint Notes #1

World History: The Rise of Medieval Europe

Rise of Medieval Europe Frankish Rulers

- strongest Germanic group Settled in France and Germany A.D. 700 King of the Franks - Clovis (Adopted Catholicism) Mayors of the Palaces - Frankish Government officials who had real power given to them by the king. Charles Martel was a Mayor of a Palace who defeated Muslims and defended France. Son of Charles - Pepin the Short Pepin forced Lombards out and gave land to Church. Annointed by Pope and secured tie to Church. Pepinís son - Charlemagne or Charles the hGreat.

Charles the Great

- Charlemagne's Empire included Germany, France, Northern Spain and Italy. Defended Pope Leo III against Roman Nobles Pope Crowned Charles the new Roman Emperor. Set up Capital in Germany Greatest Frankish ruler Charles died and his 3 grandsons split his empire (Germany, Italy, France) Signed Treaty of Verdun A.D. 843 to settle the split.

A New Europe - The grandsons lost land to invaders Vikings/Norseman, Muslims, Slavs, Nomads Isolated communities and weakened Central Governments, trade declined, economic collapse. Nobles and non royals back in power A.D. 800 - new political system began Feudalism

Feudalism

- An exchange of goods and services for protection of lands and people. Land given to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military help. Nobles obligated to provide Knights (mounted warriors) to the royal army. (Bullies and thugs) Code of Knights was Chivalry Age 7 live with nobleman; Age 15 a Squire could train as a Knight. Warriors granted Fiefs or estates with peasants Later fiefs granted to counts and local officials.

A New Europe

- The grandsons lost land to invaders Vikings/Norseman, Muslims, Slavs, Nomads Isolated communities and weakened Central Governments, trade declined, economic collapse. Nobles and non royals back in power A.D. 800 - new political system began Feudalism

System of Feudalism

∆Like a pyramid King Lords Vassals Knights /Squire/Serfs- Peasants

Life in the Feudal System

Lords had almost total authority Ladies had few or any rights (house work) Entertainment was called Tournament - mock battles of military skills and hunting. Jousting, Falconry, Archery, Horseback riding

Life of a Nobleman

Tie between the Noble and Vassal were made official in a ceremony known as a Homage. Most important pledge was military service. Every nobleman built a castle Built on a hill, surrounded by a Moat and strongest part was the Keep. Surrounding the keep was an open area called the Bailey (many useful rooms).

Manorial System System of Agricultural production - Provided lords and peasants with food, shelter and protection. Economic system between Lords and Serfs. Serfs were bound to Lords, but were not slaves Could not be sold apart from the land. Peasants could gain freedom if they could run and avoid detection for 1 year and 1 day.

The Medieval Church

Kingdom of Christians ìChristiandom or Age of Faithî Pope was the strongest political leader in Western Europe. Catholic claim - Peter the Apostle was Romeís first Bishop, chosen by Jesus to lead the church. Believed all people were sinners dependent on Godís grace or favor.

Medieval Church Continued

Eucharist - Holy Communion Baptism, Penance, Confirmation, matrimony, anointing of the sick and holy orders. Mass or religious services in Latin Pope, Bishops, Priests (Secular Clergy) Friars, Monks, Nuns (Regular Clergy) lived apart from society.

Roman Official Benedict founded a monastery in Italy. Benedictine Rule

- poverty, chastity and obedience Abbot or head of a Monastery Nuns under rule of Abbess Church Reform Began with Monks and Friars Cardinals appointed Popes Pope has complete jurisdiction over the church Non Clergy were stopped from giving religious gifts as rewards.

Heresy

Crimes against church (convert Jews) Pope Innocent III was the most powerful Pope Inquisitions in A.D. 1232 Arrested for criticizing or challenging the basic teachings of the church. Tried and Excommunicated if found guilty. Later tortured and burned at the stake.

Catholic Power Grew

- A.D. 1200ís Jews were persecuted further. Blamed for social and economic problems Blamed for the death of Jesus Required to wear badges on their clothing Required to live in Ghettos and pay high taxes. Lost rights to own land, trade and later expelled to Poland. Christians could not live in Jewish homes or provide medical care to Jews, Actions by Christians served to remove power and position of Jewish people. Sound Familiar

Crusades 1096

- 1272 Pope Urban II called for Christians to make a Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and capture the Holy Land from the Muslims ìinfidelsî Those who fought were Crusaders. 9 military expeditions in all (Battles fought in Germany and France because of large populations of Jews) Most vicious battle was the Battle of Mayence in South of France. 1300 Jews invited to hide in Archbishopís palace. Slaughtered and property distributed. 1099 Crusaders captured Jerusalem. Herded all the Jews into a synagogue as they circled it holding hands They sang ìChrist we adore theeî while they burned the Jews alive.

Effects of the Crusades

Helped end Feudalism Increased monarchy power People had larger views of the world United all Muslim Islamics in the world Promoted Trade and Cultural Exchange Cultural and Economic improvements (new plow, collar harness, crop rotation, roads repaired and rebuilt. Frairs aided trade and cultural

Exchange Banking in Medieval Europe

Brought the rise of money economy. Money Exchangers determined values, transferred funds, deposits, and made loans. Jews and Italians were some of the 1st Bankers especially during Crusades. People came in contact and traded goods for $ Jews acted as Money exchangers Bankers $

Rise of Disease

Towns grew on waterways and off roads Streets were alleyways, buildings wood and thatch roofs. Bandits made it necessary for wood/stone fences around towns. ALMOST NO SANITATION - tossed in streets Diphtheria, typhoid, flu, malaria, Bubonic Plague or BLACK DEATH.

BLACK DEATH A.D. 1348 - 1350

Fleas infested the rats who then brought them to Europe and helped infect humans. Plague arrived on trade ships from China to Italy Spread to every corner of Europe (populated areas) Took over 30 years for Plague to end

Ring a Round the Rosie, Pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes, we all fall downî Killed over 1/3 of Europeís Population.

Jews were blamed for Disease and burned alive, hanged and murdered. Accused of poisoning the wells or magic that brought the disease to the Christians.

Medieval Middle Class

Hospitals and medical care grew Business and Guilds monopolized trade Masters - Journeyman - Apprentices Artisans - Blacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, tailors, weavers, masons, maids Townspeople granted charters - gave rights to control their own affairs, and businesses Burghers in Germany, Bourgeoisie in France, Burgesses in England (Middle Class Groups)

Medieval Education

- Nobles and rich went to universities Schools modeled after law school in Bologna, Italy and specialized in medicine and law. System of thought - Scholasticism Catholics opposed this thinking that combined learning of reason and faith. Rejected Aristotleís and scholarly teachings as heresy. Thomas Aquinas - A.D. 1200 most important scholastic thinker (His teachings - Godís Gifts)

Medieval Art and Literature Epics and Romances Songs written into stories Traveling Poet-Musicians

- Troubadours or Mintrels. Late Medieval Literature written in Vernacular (everyday languages of their region) Art seen in Churches (Romanesque) French architecture (Gothic)

Angleland England

- Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms united Alfred the Great Defeated the Danish Vikings who earlier crossed English channel to invade England. He was the 1st to have ìGreatî title. French William Duke of Normandy won the English Crown in A.D.

1066 William the Conqueror

- 1st Norman King New English Culture William the Conquerorís grandson King Henry II Created Common Law, Grand and Petit Jury Sons Richard the lionhearted and John John took over when Richard left to fight in Crusades King John taxed nobles due to loss of income Nobles wrote Magna Carta to limit kings power Great Council of nobles created (Parliament) Knights enforced the Magna Carta and protected Noblemen House of Lords and House of Commons compares to our Congress (Senate and House of Representatives)

Monarchy Rise to Power Hundredís Year War

- England and France battled A.D. 1337 - 1453

English fought to keep Land William the Conqueror had acquired (Northern France) A.D. 1337 Englandís King Edward III claimed French Crown. Longbow gave the English victories Monarchs replaced fuedal soldiers with national armies.

Joan of Arc and France

17 year old girl who made Charles VII King of France She heard her saints her instructed her to save France from the English. French beat English at Orleans, Joan was hero English kidnapped Joan Church tried her for heresy/burned at stake. France united and developed a strong centralized Government but had independent rulers in regions. Church Canonized Joan of Arc (made her a saint over 500 years later)

English Monarchy War of the Roses

Family members fight over Monarchy House of Lancaster (Red Rose) House of York (White Rose) Red Rose family WON! King Henry VII Tudor Monarcy won control

Spanish Monarchy A.D. 1469

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Ferdinand of Aragon Isabella of Castile Married and ruled separate but royal power united Spain Cortes (assemblies) reviewed royal policies Moors and Jews left Spain weakening their economy (lost banker, businesses, skilled) Spanish Inquisitions made Monarchy powerful!

Troubled Catholic Church

Holy Roman Empire largest political unit Monarchs weakened power of Church France controlled Church Romans forced Cardinals to elect Italian Pope after death of French Pope Clement. This change was called ìGreat Schismî. Church Corruption was outrageous Simony - selling of church positions to wealthy Indulgences - pay for your sins to be forgiven Church Challengers - Martin Luther, John Wickliffe and Jan Hus who was burned at the stake.

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Powerpoint Notes #2

Reformation Exploration1450-1520 Period of Change due to Corruption in the Catholic Church. Reform or Revolution?

• Medieval Europe Medieval Church Life of a Monk Community Work Prayer Rest Penance Working in the Monastery Preparing Meals Corruption in the Church Indulgences The selling of documents for the forgiveness of sins. Simony Taking money For positions in the church Pope Leo X spent The Vatican’s money In 1 year! 
• Corruption of the Church Martin Luther, a German Monk, wrote and posted on a church door Oct. 31st 1517 the 95 thesis (issues of complaints) a document condemning Catholic Church corruption. Justification by faith was Martin’s preaching that salvation came from faith, not just doing good deeds or paying tithing. 1520, he broke from Church and created Lutherism. Kept Baptism Eucharist and clergy.
• Religious Movement  Protestant Reformation Period of Change due to church corruption 1450-1520 Erasmus is Creator of Christian Humanism Martin Luther - German Monk Ulrick Zwingli - Swiss Monk John Calvin- Calvinism Predestination - A Concept added to Lutheranism by Calvin. Your life is Pre-determined before birth, so good deeds you do in life won’t change that path. Led Protestant Faith over Lutherans.
• Henry the VIII (8th) If you have a mistress and can’t get a divorce, start your own religion and declare yourself the head of the church and have the new Parliament Grant a Divorce?! Anabaptists  Mennonites Dutch, Swiss, AmishBorn Again through Adult Baptism.Refused Gov. Power or control, all believers equal, Complete separation of church and state, pacifists. Persecuted for not being Patriotic.
• Exploration  European Expansion Worldwide in an Attempt to gain Land, Bullion, Slaves For Gain, Glory and God Economic Impact Exchange of Plants, Animals Humans, culture, food, language Money, trade and more…
• First Human Explorers Bering Straight Christopher Columbus 1492 discovered Island in Caribbean “San Salvador” near Cuba not INDIA! Sailed for Spain’s Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand even though he was Italian. 4 Voyages of Christopher Columbus
• Ponce de Leon Discovers Florida
• John Cabot Italian Explorer for the English 1497 Greenland and Canad
• Henry Hudson an English Sailor claims New York area for the Dutch
• La Salle explores Great Lakes discovers the mouth of the Mississippi
• Amerigo Vespucci - North America is named after this explorer Explores Americas 1497 “Coronado Butte” in Grand Canyon Spanish Fort St. Augustine Florida
• Ferdinand Magellan’s Route Credited for Circumnavigating the Globe Spanish Explorer Ferdinand Magellan Discovered Pacific Ocean  “Pacifica-Peaceful” 1519-1522 1 ship returns to Spain of the 5 Spanish Conquistadors Spanish explorers who were allegiant to the Crown militarily.
• Hernon Cortes - Aztecs in Mexico City 1519 (3 years to wipe out Montezuma II with the help of enemy tribes of Aztec, diseases) Francisco Pizzaro - Peru’s Incan Civilization 1531-1532 Conquistadors destroyed civilizations Cortes turned on his guests within 24 hours of entering the “Golden City” (Mexico City, Mexico) Cortes Enslaved the Aztecs to find gold King of Aztecs - Montezuma was taken prisoner and eventually killed. Aztec Civilization ended due to small pox, flu, starvation, and warfare.
• Vasco da Gama Portuguese explorer 1498 Rounds Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa to find route to India
• What helped the Reformation and Exploration spread around the world? World Colonization, 13 American Colonies, Slavery, Human population growth, economic development and growth, Revolutions and finally, Enlightenment - Awakening to new individual thinking, inventions, sciences, liberal arts and New World.   

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#3 Powerpoint Notes

Industrial Revolution 1750-1914

CAUSES:

1. Changes in Farming and Ranching

2. Natural Resources developed, processed and exploited

3. Technological advances

EFFECTS:

1. New sources of power

2. Inventions

3. New raw Materials and markets (coal, iron ore)

4. Rise of the middle class

5. Birth of Big Business (Industries, corporations)

6. Growth of Cities (Urbanization)

7. Development and New Ideas and thinking

COTTAGE INDUSTRY (DOMESTIC INDUSTRY) AND THE LUDDITES: Comparison of the cottage industry and factory system work out of home creating 1 at a time (handmade/custom) machines wages and unions women and child labor

FACTORY SYSTEM AND ASSEMBLY LINE:

Rise of modernization-changes in social structure, economics, cultural influences and life

WHAT LED TO INDUSTRIALIZATION?

1. NATIONAL PRIDE (countries and people proud of their country and culture)

2. IMPERIALISIM (Large and powerful countries taking over smaller, weaker ones) 3. TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS AND ADVANCES (power needs technology)

4. NEED FOR NATURAL RESOURCES TO SUPPORT ADVANCES AND POWER (New machines or weapons need fuel and people to build them)

WHERE DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION START?

ENGLAND 1760-1830 plenty of natural resources large labor force (RISE IN POPULATION) people had capital (money) to invest found materials to sell English society was mobile (poor could become rich!)

THERE WERE 2 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS:

1. 1800's - textiles, railroads and iron

2.1870's - steel, chemicals and electricity

ACHIEVEMENT OR INVENTION? YOU DECIDE AND EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING...

Printing Press invented by German

Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney

Seed Drill

Washing machine

Spinning Jenny

Steam Engine invented by James Watts

Harry Bessemer's steel converter (Bessie!) converts iron into steel John Deere ROCKET - FIRST TRAIN 14 mph for 31 miles

Corporations - a non-human entity existing entirely separate from the owners. shareholders or stockholders (people who want to invest) units (stocks, shares of stock)

LIST 15 MODERN CORPORATIONS AND WHICH STARTED DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:

Science led to inventions

periodic table

Alesandro Volta and the 1st batteries

Germans discovered radio waves

Radioactive elements - Marie and Pierre Curie Relativity

Theory E=Mc2 Samuel Morse

Telegraph Bell and the telephone Edison

Electric light

Internal Combustion from Petroleum

Immunization for small pox

Polio Surgery found chloroform

Louis Pasteur - pasteurization

Charles Darwin and the theory of Natural Selection

Mendel's Law of genes and heredity

Pavlov's theory in Psychology

Freud's Psychoanalysis

Oliver Twist and Literature

Mark Twain's frontier life

** HOW DID EACH OF THESE EXAMPLES CHANGE YOUR LIFE IN SOMEWAY (NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE) ONLY EXPLAIN IN 2 SENTENCES

WHY DID PEOPLE MOVE TO THE CITY? LIST 5 GOOD REASONS:

Child Labor **HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT CHILD LABOR IN PRESENT TIMES?

What Corporations today use child labor in production and distribution of their products?

DO YOU THINK WE WOULD HAVE WHAT WE HAVE TODAY IF NOT FOR THESE WORKERS??? WHY?

List 10 things that are a result of the Industrial Revolution?