Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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Zoe believes that Samantha has
trouble forming long-term relationships because her parents were overly strict during Samantha's
toilet training. This type of explanation for Samantha's current behavior is inconsistent with the
view that a. | heredity and the environment jointly influence
behavior | b. | behavior is determined by multiple causes | c. | behavior is shaped by cultural heritage | d. | perception is often subjective | | |
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2.
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Michael is having problems
relating to other people because he is exhibiting delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations.
Michael would most likely seek help from a. | a clinical
psychologist | b. | a developmental psychologist | c. | an experimental psychologist | d. | a physiological psychologist | | |
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3.
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The systematic use of rewards
in developing effective study habits is most consistent with a. | humanism | b. | behaviorism | c. | functionalism | d. | structuralism | | |
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4.
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Which of the following is
NOT good advice for improving your test-taking ability? a. | Don't change answers on a multiple-choice test; your first answer is usually your
best. | b. | Don't waste time thinking too much about difficult-to-answer
questions. | c. | Don't "read things into" test items-that is, make an item
more complicated than it is. | d. | If you have time left after you've
answered all the questions, go back and review the test. | | |
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5.
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Which of the following
statements is LEAST consistent with the position that reality is highly
subjective? a. | People tend to perceive what they expect to
perceive. | b. | The nature of reality is the same for most people because of innate
mechanisms. | c. | We tend to impose organization on the stimuli that we pay attention
to. | d. | The perception of sights and sounds is an active
process. | | |
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6.
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Which of the following areas of
research in psychology is concerned with understanding the role of the endocrine system in the
regulation of behavior? a. | developmental
psychology | b. | physiological psychology | c. | psychometrics | d. | cognitive
psychology | | |
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7.
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In conducting a research study
psychologists need to define all their variables clearly and unambiguously, so that other researchers
can objectively evaluate the results of the research. This aspect of psychology illustrates the
underlying theme that a. | psychology evolves in a sociohistorical
context | b. | our experience of the world is highly
subjective | c. | psychology is empirical | d. | behavior is determined by multiple causes | | |
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8.
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The basic premise of
evolutionary psychology is that natural selection favors behaviors that enhance organisms' success
in a. | establishing a territory | b. | locating a source of
food | c. | passing on their genes to the next
generation | d. | aggressive interactions with members of other
species | | |
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9.
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Which of the following would a
physiological psychologist be most likely to ask? a. | How do hormones affect
behavior? | b. | Why do we like some people and not others? | c. | What effect does reward have on learning? | d. | What are the stages of problem solving? | | |
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10.
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Sunlin prepared a meal for his
new girlfriend and she enjoyed it so much that she cleaned her plate. Later she was surprised that he
had found her behavior somewhat insulting; she thought she was showing her appreciation. In this
case, the couple's miscommunication illustrates the underlying theme that a. | behavior is determined by multiple causes | b. | our experience of the world is highly subjective | c. | heredity and environment jointly determine our behavior | d. | our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage | | |
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11.
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The spatial tasks on which
males tend to do better than females generally involve a. | remembering locations | b. | mentally rotating
objects | c. | identifying objects in a visual field | d. | processing verbal directions to a specific location | | |
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12.
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Which of the following is
LEAST likely to be included under the umbrella of applied psychology? a. | school psychology | b. | counseling
psychology | c. | experimental psychology | d. | industrial/organizational psychology | | |
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13.
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Sigmund Freud developed an
innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he
called a. | behavior modification | b. | primal therapy | c. | psychoanalysis | d. | rational-emotive therapy | | |
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14.
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Carly was in favor of the
proposed convention center; Colin was against the project. When Carly surveyed people she found that
70% of those she questioned were in favor of the project. Colin's survey found that 75% of those he
surveyed were against building the convention center. These differing survey results show
that a. | single-cause explanations are often inaccurate | b. | motives and expectations can color our experiences | c. | theoretical diversity is an important component in science | d. | sciences do not exist in a cultural vacuum | | |
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15.
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Students are said to be
"testwise" if they a. | have a knack for identifying
"trick" questions | b. | are particularly knowledgeable about the
subject matter being tested | c. | are skilled at using clues contained
within a test to improve their scores | d. | tend to score high on standardized
tests | | |
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16.
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The theoretical viewpoint that
is most closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow is a. | cognitive approach | b. | humanism | c. | structuralism | d. | biological
approach | | |
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17.
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Leta Hollingworth is noted
for a. | being the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology | b. | being the first woman president of the American Psychological
Association | c. | founding one of the early psychology laboratories in
America | d. | collecting objective data on gender differences in
behavior | | |
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18.
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Dr. Escher believes that
individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders
will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's
views reflect the underlying theme that a. | genetic factors and experience interact to
shape behavior | b. | our cultural backgrounds exert a considerable influence over our
behavior | c. | motives and expectations can color our
experiences | d. | theoretical diversity is an important component in
science | | |
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19.
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Professor Immel believes that
behaviors that are predominant in certain species probably serve some adaptive function. Professor
Immel's beliefs are most consistent with the a. | behavioral
perspective | b. | cognitive perspective | c. | humanistic perspective | d. | evolutionary
perspective | | |
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20.
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Introspection was most likely
to be used by a. | humanist psychologists | b. | behaviorist psychologists | c. | structuralist
psychologists | d. | functionalist psychologists | | |
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