Chapter 15 : The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860 

  1. The Second Great Awakening reversed the trends toward religious 
indifference and rationalism of the late eighteenth century. 
A. True 		B. False

 2. The religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening broke down 
regional, denominational, and social-class divisions in favor of a 
common Christianity. 
A. True 		B. False

 3. The Mormon church migrated to Utah to escape persecution and to 
establish a tightly organized cooperative social order without 
persecution. 
A. True 		B. False

 4. The common public schools aimed at the goal of educating all 
citizens for participation in democracy, without regard to wealth. 
A. True 		B. False

 5. Women achieved equality with men in higher education before the 
Civil War. 
A. True 		B. False

 6. Many early American reformers were middle-class idealists 
inspired by evangelical Protestantism. 
A. True 		B. False

 7. The key role of women in American reform movements was 
undergirded by a growing "feminization" of the churches that spawned 
many efforts at social improvement. 
A. True 		B. False

 8. A major demand put forward by the more advanced women's-rights 
advocates was women's suffrage. 
A. True 		B. False

 9. Most early American communal experiments involved attempts to 
create a perfect society based on brotherly love and communal 
ownership of property. 
A. True 		B. False

 10. Early American science was stronger in biology, botany, and 
geology than it was in basic theoretical science or medicine. 
A. True 		B. False

 11. The first American national literature written by Irving and 
Cooper appeared in the immediate aftermath of the American 
Revolution. 
A. True 		B. False

 12. Although it rejected most Americans' materialism and focus on 
practical concerns, transcendentalism strongly reflected American 
individualism, love of liberty, and hostility to formal institutions 
and authority. 
A. True 		B. False

 13. Ralph Waldo Emerson taught the doctrines of simple living and 
nonviolence, while his friend Henry David Thoreau emphasized self-
improvement and the development of American scholarship. 
A. True 		B. False

 14. The works of Walt Whitman, such as Leaves of Grass, revealed his 
love of democracy, the frontier, and the common people. 
A. True 		B. False

 15. Most early American imaginative writers and historians came from 
the Midwest and the South. 
A. True 		B. False

 16. The tendency toward rationalism and indifference in religion was 
reversed about 1800 by 
 A. the rise of Deism and Unitarianism.
 B. the rise of new groups like the Mormons and Christian Scientists.
 C. the revivalist movement called the Second Great Awakening.
 D. the influx of religiously traditional immigrants.

 17. Two denominations that especially gained adherents among the 
common people of the West and South were 
 A. Episcopalians and Unitarians.
 B. Congregationalists and Mormons.
 C. Transcendentalists and Adventists.
 D. Methodists and Baptists


 18. The Second Great Awakening derived its religious strength 
especially from 
 A. intensely organized "prayer groups" of lay believers.
 B. the efficient institutional organization of the major American 
churches.
 C. the popular preaching of evangelical revivalists in both the West 
and eastern cities.
 D. the frontier interest in religious pilgrimages and religious art.

 19. Evangelical preachers like Charles Grandison Finney linked 
personal religious conversion to 
 A. the construction of large church buildings throughout the Midwest.
 B. the expansion of American political power across the continent.
 C. the Christian reform of social problems.
 D. the organization of effective economic development and 
industrialization.

 20. The term "Burned-Over District" refers to 
 A. parts of the West where fires were used to clear the land for 
farming.
 B. areas that were fiercely contested by both Baptist and Methodist 
revivalists.
 C. the region of western New York State that experienced especially 
frequent and intense revivals.
 D. the area of Illinois where the Mormon settlements were attacked 
and destroyed.

21. The major effect of the growing slavery controversy on the 
churches was 
A. a major missionary effort directed at converted African-American 
slaves.
B. the organization of the churches to lobby for the abolition of 
slavery.
C. an agreement to keep political issues out of the religious area.
D. the split of Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians into separate 
northern and southern churches.

22. Besides their practice of polygamy, the Mormons aroused hostility 
from many Americans because of 
A. their cooperative economic practices that ran contrary to American 
economic individualism.
B. their efforts to convert members of other denominations to 
Mormonism.
C. their populous settlement in Utah , which posed the threat of a 
breakaway republic in the West.
D. their practice of baptizing in the name of dead ancestors.

23. The major promoter of an effective tax-supported system of public 
education for all American children was 
A. Joseph Smith.
B. Horace Mann.
C. Noah Webster.
D. Susan B. Anthony.

24. Reformer Dorothea Dix worked for the cause of 
A. women's right to higher education and voting.
B. international peace.
C. better treatment of the mentally ill.
D. temperance.

25. One cause of women's subordination in nineteenth-century America 
was 
A. the sharp division of labor that separated women at home from men 
in the workplace.
B. women's attention to causes other than women's rights.
C. the higher ratio of females to males in many communities.
D. the prohibition against women's participation in religious 
activities.

26. The Seneca Falls Convention launched the modern women's rights 
movement with its call for
A. equal pay for equal work.
B. an equal rights amendment to the Constitution.
C. equal rights, including the right to vote.
D. access to public education for women.

27. Many of the American utopian experiments of the early nineteenth 
century focused on 
A. communal economics and alternative sexual arrangements.
B. temperance and diet reforms.
C. advanced scientific and technological ways of producing and 
consuming.
D. free-enterprise economics and trade.

28. Two leading female imaginative writers who added to New England's 
literary prominence were 
A. Sarah Orne Jewett and Kate Chopin.
B. Louisa May Alcott and Emily Dickinson.
C. Sarah Grimké and Susan B. Anthony.
D. Harriet Beecher Stowe and Abigail Adams.

29. The Knickerbocker Group of American writers included 
A. Henry David Thoreau, Thomas Jefferson, and Susan B. Anthony.
B. George Bancroft, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Herman Melville.
C. Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen 
Bryant.
D. Walt Whitman, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Edgar Allan Poe.

30. The transcendentalist writers such as Emerson, Thoreau, and 
Fuller stressed the ideas of 
A. inner truth and individual self-reliance.
B. political community and economic progress.
C. personal guilt and fear of death.
D. love of chivalry and return to the medieval past.