Chapter 21: The Furnace of the Civil War, 1861-1865

1. The First Battle of Bull Run was the turning point of the Civil 
War because it convinced the South the war would be long and 
difficult.
A. True		B. False

2. The Emancipation Proclamation was more important for its political 
effects on the North and Europe than for actually freeing large 
numbers of slaves.
A. True		B. False

3. The Union’s first military breakthroughs came on the eastern front 
in Maryland and Virginia.
A. True		B. False

4. The Battle of Antietam was a turning point of the war because it 
prevented British and French recognition of the Confederacy.
A. True		B. False

5. Lincoln’s decision to make the war a fight against slavery was 
widely popular in the North.
A. True		B. False

6. The use of black soldiers in the Union Army proved militarily 
ineffective.
A. True		B. False

7. Lee’s invasion of Pennsylvania in 1863 was intended to encourage 
the Northern peace movement and promote foreign intervention.
A. True		B. False

8. The Northern victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg effectively 
spelled doom for the Confederacy.
A. True		B. False

9. In the final year of the conflict, Grant and Sherman waged 
a “total war” that was immensely destructive of Southern lives and 
property.
A. True		B. False

10. The Northern Democrats were deeply divided between those who 
backed the war and those who favored peace negotiations with the 
South.
A. True		B. False

11. The formation of a temporary "Union party" in 1864 was a device 
used by Lincoln to gain the support of pro-war Democrats. 
A. True		B. False

12. As a popular war leader, Lincoln received whole-hearted support 
within the Republican Party and in the nation as a whole. 
A. True		B. False

13. The South's last hope was that the victory of a "Peace Democrat" 
in the election of 1864 would enable it to achieve its political goal 
of independence. 
A. True		B. False

14. Most Southerners eventually came to see Lincoln's assassination 
as a tragedy for them. 
A. True		B. False

15. The Civil War failed to settle the central issues of slavery, 
states' rights, and secession that caused the war. 
A. True		B. False

16. One effect of the first Battle of Bull Run was
A. to convince the North that victory would not be difficult.
B. to increase the South's already dangerous overconfidence.
C. to demonstrate the superiority of Southern volunteer soldiers over 
Northern draftees.
D. to cause a wave of new Southern enlistments in the army.

17. The primary weakness of General George McClellan as a military 
commander was 
A. his inability to gain the support of his troops.
B. his tendency to rush into battle with inadequate plans and 
preparation.
C. his lack of confidence in his own abilities.
D. his excessive caution and reluctance to use his troops in battle.

18. After the unsuccessful Peninsula Campaign, Lincoln and the Union 
turned to 
A. a new strategy based on "total war" against the Confederacy.
B. a new strategy based on an invasion through the mountains of 
western Virginia and Tennessee.
C. a pattern of defensive warfare designed to protect Washington, D.C
D. a reliance on the navy rather than the army to win the war.

19. The Union blockade of Confederate ports was 
A. initially leaky but eventually effective.
B. challenged by the powerful navies of Britain and France.
C. immediately effective in capturing Confederate blockade-running 
ships.
D. largely ineffective in shutting off the sale of Confederate cotton 
in Europe.

20. Antietam was one of the crucial battles of the Civil War because 
A. it ended any possibility of Confederate invasion of the North.
B. it was the last chance for the Confederates to win a major battle.
C. it fundamentally undermined Confederate morale.
D. it prevented British and French recognition of the Confederacy.

 21. Officially, the Emancipation Proclamation freed only 
 A. slaves who had fled their masters and joined the Union Army.
 B. slaves under control of the rebellious Confederate states.
 C. slaves in the Border States and in areas under Union Army control.
 D. slaves in Washington, D.C.

 22. The political effects of the Emancipation Proclamation were 
 A. to bolster public support for the war and the Republican party.
 B. to strengthen the North's moral cause but weaken the Lincoln 
administration in the Border States and parts of the North.
 C. to turn the Democratic party from support of the war toward 
favoring recognition of the Confederacy.
 D. to weaken support for the Union among British and French public 
opinion.

23. The thousands of black soldiers in the Union Army 
 A. added a powerful new weapon to the antislavery dimension of the 
Union cause.
 B. were prevented from participating in combat.
 C. seldom fought effectively in battle.
 D. saw action in the very first days of the war.

 24. Lee's goals in invading the North in the summer of 1863 were 
 A. to capture major Northern cities like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.
 B. to deflect attention from "Stonewall" Jackson's movements against 
Washington.
 C. to strengthen the Northern peace movement and encourage foreign 
intervention in the war.
 D. to cut off Northern supply lines and damage the Union's economic 
foundations.

 25. Grant's capture of Vicksburg was especially important because 
 A. it quelled Northern peace agitation and cut off the Confederate 
trade route across the Mississippi.
 B. it ended the threat of a Confederate invasion of southern 
Illinois and Indiana.
 C. it blocked the French army in Mexico from moving to aid the 
Confederacy.
 D. it destroyed Southern naval power.

26. The "Copperheads" were 
 A. Northern Democrats who opposed the Union war effort.
 B. Republicans who opposed the Lincoln administration.
 C. Democrats who backed the Union but opposed a war against slavery.
 D. radical Republicans who advocated a war to destroy slavery and 
punish the South.

 27. Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's vice presidential running mate in 
1864, was 
 A. a Copperhead.
 B. a War Democrat.
 C. a conservative Republican.
 D. a radical Republican.

 28. Lincoln's election victory in 1864 was sealed by Union military 
successes at 
 A. Gettysburg, Antietam, and Vicksburg.
 B. The Wilderness, Lookout Mountain, and Appomattox.
 C. Bull Run, the Peninsula, and Fredericksburg.
 D. Mobile, Atlanta, and the Shenandoah Valley.

29. Sherman's march "from Atlanta to the sea" was especially notable 
for 
 A. its tactical brilliance against Confederate cavalry forces.
 B. its effective use of public relations to turn Southern sympathies 
against the Confederacy.
 C. its brutal use of "total war" tactics of destruction and 
pillaging against Southern civilian populations.
 D. its impact in inspiring Northern public opinion to turn against 
slavery.

 30. As the Democratic party nominee in 1864, General George 
McClellan 
 A. denounced Lincoln as a traitor and called for an immediate end to 
the war.
 B. repudiated the Copperhead platform that called for a negotiated 
settlement with the Confederacy.
 C. indicated that if elected president he would take personal 
command of all Union armies.
 D. called for waging a "total war" against the civilian population 
to the South.