Review Sheet: The Civil War *Use your “Review: Events Leading up to the Civil War” to study about the first part of the Civil War Unit* When did the Civil War begin? April 12, 1861 Where? Fort Sumter When did the Civil War end? April 9, 1865 Where? Appomattox Court House, Va. What was the capitol of the Confederacy? Richmond, Virginia Describe hospitals and medical care during the Civil War. (2-3 sentences) Most hospitals were unsanitary & disgusting messes. It wasn’t until women began joining in the war effort as nurses that conditions in these hospitals improved. The field hospitals were even worse. They were set up in open fields, had little or no access to water, were always short on supplies (including anesthethia). Most of the medical care was “quick & dirty” usually involving amputations. Define total war. How was it used in the Civil War? Total war is when you involve the civilians in the war & destroy everything in your path. William T. Sherman used it to make “War Hell” by marching from Atlanta, Georgia to Savannah & destroying everything on a path 60 miles wide. It was used to successfully break the will of Southerners to continue fighting. When Was It?: Write the dates for the following Civil War events 1) Lincoln elected President: November 1860 2) South Carolina secedes: December 20, 1860 3) Fort Sumter bombed: April 12, 1861 4) Battle of Bull Run: July 21, 1861 5) Battle of Antietam: September 17, 1862 6) Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863 7) Battle of Gettysburg: July 1 - 3, 1863 8) Vicksburg is captured: July 4, 1863 9) Sherman’s March: September 1864 - April 1865 10) Surrender at Appomattox: April 9, 1865 Identification: On a separate sheet of paper (or below) identify the following terms AND tell why they are important. (2-3 sentences) A) Robert E. Lee --> Commander of the Confederate Army. He turned down Lincoln’s offer to lead the Union Army. Choosing his home over his country (& making the war last much longer) B) Bull Run ---> the first real battle of the Civil War. A Confederate victory, it showed Americans the war would not be over quickly. C) Weapons & Casualties ---> The minie ball (which would shatter bones) & more accurate weapons lead to many deaths in the Civil War. Also the huge armies & men willing to die for their brothers resulted in tremendous casualties. D) Antietam ---> the first Union victory of the war (September 1862). Lincoln then issued the Emancipation Proclamation E) Emancipation Proclamation ---> Freed all of the slaves in the Southern states on January 1, 1863. It could not be enforced but it did give the war “a higher purpose’ & discouraged France & Britain from helping the South. F) France & Britain ---> wanted to help the South during the Civil War but were waiting to see if the South could win & were troubled by slavery. Antietam & the Emancipation Proclamation convinced them not to help. G) Gettysburg ---> a three day battle in Pennsylvania (July 1 - 3rd) it was a Union victory & was the turning point of the Civil War. H) Gettysburg Address ---> Lincoln gives new meaning to the war when he says we must keep fighting or else all these men will have died in vain. The Union is now fighting for a “New birth of freedom & the belief that “all men are created equal”. I) Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address ---> Given a month before the end of the war, he says the country is being punished for the sins of slavery. When the war is over we must heal the nation, not punish the South. It is time to reunite the country to ensure another Civil War never happens J) Women ---> During the war they worked in factories & for the government, were spies, soldiers & nurses. They helped clean up the hospitals, passed on secret information & fought for their country. After the war they began to demand more rights & equality K) Sherman’s March ---> from November to December 1864 Union troops under William T. Sherman cut a 60 mile path from Atlanta to Savannah, burning & destroying everything in their path. It led to the surrender of the South L) U. S. Grant ---> after starting the war in disgrace he eventually became the leader of the Union Army. He realized the North should use their population advantage to engage in huge battles. Review: Events Leading up to The Civil War 1) List the eleven Confederate States of America: Virginia Florida Louisiana N. Carolina Alabama Texas S. Carolina Mississippi Arkansas Georgia Tennessee 2) List ten of the Union States: Maine Vermont N. Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Kansas Oregon California 3) List the five Border States: Missouri Kentucky West Virginia Maryland Delaware Identification: Use your book & what we discussed in class to identify the following terms AND tell WHY THEY ARE HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT. (2-3 sentences) A) Jefferson Davis ---> 1st (& only) President of the CSA. Presided over secession from the U.S. Ran the Confederacy during the Civil War B) Fort Sumter ---> Where the Civil War begin in Charleston, S.C. on April 12, 1861. A bloodless opening to the bloodiest war in American history. C) Election of 1860 ---> 4 parties nominated candidates: Republicans - Abraham Lincoln, Northern Democrats - Stephen Douglas, Southern Democrats - John C. Breckinridge, Constitutional Unionists - John Bell. Lincoln won the election even though he didn’t receive a majority of the popular votes. South seceded after his election. D) South Carolina ---> the 1st state to secede from the Union. Also where the Civil war began (Fort Sumter April 12, 1861). Led the break up of the United States. E) Robert E. Lee ---> the commanding general of the Confederate Army. Turned down Lincoln’s offer to lead the United States Army because of his loyalty to Virginia. Probably caused the war to last longer than it would have. F) Lincoln’s view of slavery ---> was NOT an abolitionist. He wanted to keep slavery contained in the South. Because many Southerners mistakenly believed he wanted to end slavery they felt they had to secede from the Union to protect their way of life. G) Southern & Northern reasons for fighting ---> North: Union (no state can secede), Anti-slavery (didn’t want slavery to expand [not abolitionists]), democracy (the South was trying to overrule the majority of Americans). South: states rights (South had joined the Union, they can leave it), slavery (freeing slaves would mean social & economic chaos), liberty (North was threatening their way of life). Both sides were so far apart that a compromise seemed impossible. 1) List four advantages the North (USA) had at the beginning of the War. A) population $$$$ B) manufacturing surplus food C) railroads & transportation D) Navy 2) List three advantages the South (CSA) had at the beginning of the War. A) Better generals B) Experience with guns “Home field” advantage C) Lived in country Didn’t have to win 3) What were the three strategies the South (CSA) devised to win the War? A) no cotton exports B) get France & Britain to help (guns, supplies, $$$) C) wait for North to attack 4) What were the three strategies the North (USA) devised to win the War? 1) Naval blockade 2) Keep Border States loyal 3) Conquer the South A) capture Tennessee B) capture the Mississippi River C) capture Richmond, Virginia (Confederate capitol)