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small medium large Unit 10: The Civil War Unit Questions: 1.Compare and contrast Union and Confederate states, advantages, and strategy. Union: CT, NH, MA, RI, ME, NJ, NY, PA, WI, OH, IL, VT, OR, CA, IN, MI, IA, MN Factories, Manufacturing, Wage Laborers, 22 Million Population, 2.1 Million Troops, Had all the money in banks, Railroads, Technology( Mills, Sewing Machine, Loom, Interchangeable Parts, Steam Power- Coal- Engine); Free, Cities, Abolitionists, Navy, 97% of weapons made in North. Poor Immunity, Weak Commanders (Meade, Grant, Hooker, McClellan x2, Burnside, McDowell), Fighting Offensive War, Little Calvary, Pampered, Immigrants, Best way to get rich go into Business, President Lincoln. Anaconda Plan (1. Naval Blockade 2. Occupy Richmond 3. Take the Mississippi River) Occupy Richmond: Bull Run 1 & 2, Fredericksburg, Wilderness, Chancellorsville, and Antietam. Mississippi River: Chickamauga, Vicksburg, and Shiloh. Confederate: FL, TX, TN, LA, GA, SC, AL, NC, AR, KS, VA, MS ( Richmond) Plantation Society, Slaves, Majority Poor, Spread out, 8 Million-4 Million Slaves, Agriculture, Better Immunity, Cash Crops( Sugar, Tobacco, Cotton), Defensive War, Calvary, Better Commanders( Stonewall Jackson, Beauregard, Lee, Longstreet, Johnston), Best way to get rich go into Military, No Navy, Few Weapons, Smugglers, Raids, Mexican War Experience, President Jefferson Davis. 2.Why did the Union win the Civil War? What were the major battles and turning points? 1. Gettysburg 2. Antietam 3. March To The Sea 4. Vicksburg 1. Union was more determined in all 4 battles 2. North outnumbered 3. Better Artillery, North 4. Northern Victories 5. Grant Commanding 3 and 4 6. Changed the way to fight war-Total War. 3.What were the results of the Civil War? North Wins! U.S.A Finally United, End Of Slavery, Labor Changes-For Wage, Industrial Society, More Rights-Citizens, Presidency-More Authority, Less Authority-Congress, I.R.S Starts, Secret Service, Income Tax-Government Becomes Larger, Federal Income Tax, Military-No More Militias, Calvary Gone, Tanks, Jeeps, Iron Clad Navy, Steel Ships, Turret Guns, Submarines-Torpedoes, Mines. Important Terms and People: 1. Slavery – a human being owned by someone else and forced to do work without pay, plantation society, opposite of wage labor, easy money, 10-20% in the south had slaves, southern aristocracy 2. Abolition – to end slavery, first movement in our country to end slavery started with Benjamin Franklin, protest, boycott, actual violence/ revolution, change the law, Harriet Tubman, Fredrick Douglas, Harriet Beecher Stow, John Brown, Nat Turner, William Garrison, Abraham Lincoln 3. States Rights – confederation, state decides whether they have slavery or not, popular sovereignty, South Carolina said slavery wasn’t covered in the Constitution so it is the states’ rights, 10th amendment 4. Sectionalism – being loyal to your own state or region or country, North vs. South, rivalries, Democrat vs. Republican 5. Missouri Compromise – 1820, Missouri comes in as a slave state and Maine comes in as a free state, 36 degrees/ 30 minutes latitude, all above – free, all below – slave, California came in as a state in 1850 and tested this compromise 6. Compromise of 1850 – California comes in as a free state, slavery allowed in the new Mexican territories, south gets the Fugitive Slave Act in return, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe written in response to the Fugitive Slave Act, gold rush 7. Kansas Nebraska Act – 1854, popular sovereignty (people are allowed to choose through voting), created by Stephen Douglass, “Bleeding Kansas” - everyone wanted to vote one way or another, John Brown – beheaded 5 pro-slavery rebels, Kansas had 2 capitals – one slave and one free 8. Republican Party – Abraham Lincoln was the first successful republican candidate, stood for anti-slavery, northern party, wanted to preserve the Union 9. Harpers Ferry – a town in West Virginia, raid of John Brown – wanted weapons to start a slave rebellion in the south – he was hung and became a revolutionary figure 10. Secession – to secede, to withdraw, to pull out of an agreement, in this case the agreement is the Constitution 11. Frederick Douglass – former freed slave, was an advisor to Lincoln, was a writer – started his own newspaper called The North Star, self-taught, taught himself how to read and write, proved African-Americans were not ignorant, started the 54th Massachusetts Regiment 12. Sojourner Truth/ Harriet Tubman – black women abolitionists 13. Abraham Lincoln – 16th president, wrote the Emancipation Proclamation, his most famous speech was the Gettysburg Address, created the Anaconda plan, was re-elected in 1864, assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in 1865, abolitionist, strong leader 14. Jefferson Davis – first and only president of the Confederate States of America 15. Battle of Bull Run – first battle of the Civil War, also known as Manassas, 2 versions – 1861 and 1862, took place in Virginia, took place between the Potomac and Shenadohah Rivers, Confederates won both, “Stonewall” Jackson got his nick name here 16. Battle of Shiloh – 1862, also known as Pittsburg Landing, one of the bloodiest battles, was a draw, Grant vs. Johnston, the Union wanted to cut off supplies, this battle symbolically showed that the war was long and drawn out 17. Battle of New Orleans – at the mouth of the Mississippi River, Union won, started moving north up the Mississippi River 18. Battle of Antietam – 1862, took place in Sharpsburg, Maryland – border state, was a draw, was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War, McClellan vs. Lee, this battle gave Lincoln the courage to release the Emancipation Proclamation 19. Emancipation Proclamation – didn’t free a single slave, could not be enforced in the Confederate states, it kept England out of the war, transformed the war into a war against slavery instead of preserving the Union, released in September, 1862, enforced on January 1st, 1863 20. Battle of Gettysburg – July 1st to July 3rd 1863, Union won, Lee vs. Meade, Pickett’s Charge ended it, Lee’s last attempt to attack the North, first attempt was Antietam 21. Gettysburg Address – 4 minute speech, ending phrase was “For the people, by the people, of the people” 22. Siege of Vicksburg – July 4th, 1863, one day after the victory at Gettysburg, Union won, located in Mississippi on the Mississippi River, Grant vs. Pemberton, Grant’s nick name U.S. - “unconditional surrender” 23. Sherman’s March to the Sea – 1864, marched from Atlanta to Savannah, 300 miles, “total war,” civilians were involved 24. Appomattox Court House – Lee surrendered to Grant, it started in a man’s living room at Bull Run then ended where the man moved to 25. Conscription – fancy word for draft 26. General George McClellan – he hesitated, fired twice, ran against Lincoln in 1864, ran as the peace candidate - said he would end the war immediately 27. General U.S. Grant- Changed Civil War by his leadership, aggressive, used total war, Victory at Vicksburg, Shiloh, Appomattox 28. General Robert E. Lee- Victory at Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, Bull Run 2, Failed at Gettysburg and Antietam, defensive, listener, admired 29. Casualties – disease, dysentery, wounds 30. 13th Amendment- end of slavery 31. Assassination- Lincoln, Garfield, JFK, William McKinley 32. 14th Amendment- defined citizenship, women and Native Americans still excluded 33. Ku Klux Klan- Nathanial Bedford Forrest, Tennessee 34. 15th Amendment- gives African Americans the right to vote 7. How did the invention of the cotton gin help cause more tension and lead to the Civil War? Work Made Easier, Took Less Time, South wanted to expand West, Missouri Compromise-Missouri, and Maine-1820, Compromise of 1850-California, Kansas Nebraska Compromise-1854. 8. What practice did abolitionists oppose? Why were they against it? Slavery. 1. Morally 2. Religious 3. Economically 9. Disagreements over federalism caused tension between North and South. While most Northerners believed in a strong national government, most Southerners did not. What did they support instead? Confederacy 10. North and South were very different economically and culturally. As a result, many people were more loyal to their state or region than to their country. What is this called? Sectionalism 11. This agreement between North and South came after the Mexican War. California would become a free state, other territories won in the war would be open to slavery, and the North would agree to return escaped slaves. What is the name of this agreement? Compromise of 1850 (New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado, Utah) 12. Northern Democrats like Stephen Douglass wanted to solve the debate over slavery in the West by having each state or territory vote on it. What is this idea called? “Popular Sovereignty” 13. Southern states seceded for many reasons. How would a Southerner explain it? List two reasons. State’s Rights-10th Amendment, Economic Reasons-Slavery-Peculiar, Lincoln’s Election 14. List and explain three advantages that the Union had before the war began. Railroads, Preexisting Military, Population, Money, Navy, Lincoln 15. List and explain three advantages that the Confederacy had before the war began. Better Commanders, Home-field Advantage, Defensive War, Better Immune System, Calvary, Rivers, Motivation 16. Explain the three parts of the Union’s strategy. The Anaconda Plan: take the Mississippi River, naval blockade, occupy Richmond 17. Explain three aspects of the Confederate strategy. Fight on the defensive, use geography to your advantage, do not need to gain any Union territory, use guerilla tactics, keep the high ground, drag the war out as long as possible so the Union will get tired and compromise, bring in England and France 18. Why was the Battle of Gettysburg important? Stopped Lee from advancing further into the north, Lee lost a significant number of troops, Lincoln was able to put the whole war into context with the Gettysburg Address afterwards, Lee lost his confidence, the Confederates thought that they might possibly lose the war, New York City draft riots as a result of Gettysburg 19. What was the Battle of Bull Run important? Taught them that they needed strategy or they were going to lose the war, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson became a hero in this battle, Richmond and Washington D.C. were protected at Bull Run 20. What happened at Appomattox Court House in 1865? The war ended, Lee surrendered to Grant 21. Why was the Battle of Vicksburg important? Grant occupied the Mississippi River afterwards, July 4th, 1863, day after Gettysburg 22. Why was the Battle of Antietam important? Stopped England from joining the war to help the Confederacy, Emancipation Proclamation was released 23. She was a former slave and a conductor on the Underground Railroad who later helped the Union Army. Harriet Tubman 24. He was a radical abolitionist who led attacks during “Bleeding Kansas” and at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. John Brown, was hung, no defense, was a martyr 25. He was a plantation owner from Mississippi who was elected President of the Confederacy. Jefferson Davis 26. He was a former slave and abolitionist who wrote and spoke against slavery and later advised Lincoln. Frederick Douglass 27. He led the Union army in the west early in the war and later led the Union to victory in Virginia. Ulysses S. Grant, nickname – Unconditional Surrender (U.S.) 28. He was the first general in charge of the Union army in the east. His failures led to Lincoln firing him. McClellan, later he ran for president in 1864, was a peace democrat - “copperhead” 29. He was elected President in 1860 and led the country through the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln, republican 30. He was chosen to lead the Confederate army and helped drag out the war for about four years. Lee, from Virginia 31. He led the March to the Sea during which he used “total war” to destroy Confederate resources. William T. Sherman 32. How did the Emancipation Proclamation help the Union win the Civil War? Stopped England from joining with the Confederacy, defined the war for slavery, Lincoln was re-elected 33. List two ways that women helped during the Civil War. Nursing and taking care of the household 34. List two difficulties that soldiers faced during the Civil War. Disease, rations, long distances to travel, away from home, heat, boredom 35. How did life change in the South after the Civil War? Explain two ways. Plantation society is gone, industry takes over, slavery is over, they had to deal with casualties, they had to clean up and rebuild: Atlanta, Savannah, and Vicksburg had to be rebuilt, had to learn to work side by side with their former slaves, Ku Klux Klan rose up
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