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SCIENCE CAPT REVIEW |
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CAPT REVIEW: BIOLOGY
UNIT 3: EVOLUTION Home site: http://regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/evolution/index.cfm PART I. NATURAL SELECTION Read “Natural Selection” on the Introduction/Home
Page and answer the following questions.
1. What is meant by the term “evolution”? Click on the “N. Selection” link on the left side and answer the following questions. 2. What does the process of natural
selection actually “select” for? 3. On what basis can scientists
conclude that humans and chimpanzee have a close evolutionary relationship? 4. Why does a struggle for survival
always occur in a population? 5. Why do some individuals have a
better chance at survival than others? 6. What types of variations get
passed on from one generation to the next?
7. How does a new species evolve? 8. What is an adaptation? How do adaptations benefit the organisms that
have them? 9. Consider the peppered moth. Why did the light colored moth eventually
decrease in numbers? 10. Why might insects become
resistant to an insecticide? What other type of organism can this happen to? 11. Why might an entire species go
extinct? 12. In what four substances can
fossils be preserved? 13. Explain how you could tell which
fossil is older by looking at different layers of rock? 14. On what two things is the
classification of an organism based? 15. What must organism of the same
species be able to do? Click on the “Practice” link at the bottom on the left side. Then click on “1. Natural Selection” link.
This will bring you to 15 multiple choice questions about this
topic. Answer the questions below with
information you learn from attempting the multiple choice questions and then
checking your answers. 16. How are seeds of the spotted
touch-me-not often transported to appropriate locations to germinate? 17. Apparently having spots is more
beneficial than not having spots. Which genotypes
were naturally selected against? 18. What did 19. What can you conclude if two
species do NOT have a lot of similar DNA? 20. How are the fossils found in
layer B related to those found in layer A?
What is the theory that explains this? 21. What is meant by the term
ecology? What is meant by the term
embryology? 22. How can you determine from a
sample of rock, which species of organism is the youngest or most recently
evolved organism? 23. How many cells make up Protists? What types
of organisms arose from unicellular organisms? 24. What three things did 25. Define heterotrophic
nutrition? 26. Why is it believed that
autotrophic nutrition evolved after heterotrophic nutrition? 27. What does nature select
for? Why do these traits end up in the
next generation? 28. What can you determine about
organisms that exhibit similarities in the DNA? 29. What can you determine about
organisms that have similar structural or anatomical similarities? When you are done you can click on the “Living Environment”
link all the way at the top of the page to return to the biology page. Then click on “3. Evolution” link to get back to the
Introduction/Home page. PART II. MUTATIONS Read “Mutations” on the Introduction/Home
Page and answer the following questions.
30. Define the term mutation. Click on the “Mutations” link on the left side and answer the following questions. 31. Name two causes
of mutations. What types of cells must
be affected in order for the mutations to be passed on to offspring? 32. In what types of cells does
“crossing over” occur? What happens
during this “crossing over” process? 33. What three processes ensure that
no two gametes (sex cells) are exactly the same? What process will these variations drive? Click on the “Practice” link at the bottom on the left side. Then click on “2. Mutations” link.
This will bring you to 4 multiple choice questions about this
topic. Answer the questions below with
information you learn from attempting the multiple choice questions and then
checking your answers. 34. Why might identical twins look
different from each other? 35. Why are some populations able to
survive despite being treated with antibiotics? 36. Paired homologous chromosomes
normally separate equally during meiosis.
Sometimes they don’t separate equally and one cell gets two
chromosomes. This cell will then undergo
mitosis. What will all of the future
cells contain because of this mutation? 37. Why are mutations sometimes
beneficial to a species? When you are done you can click on the “Living Environment”
link all the way at the top of the page to return to the biology page. Then click on “3. Evolution” link to get back to the
Introduction/Home page. PART III. VARIATION Click on the “Home”
link on the left side, read the section about Variation, and answer the
following questions. 38. What is meant by the term “variation”? Click on the “Variation” link on the left side and answer the following questions. 39. What are two sources of
variation? 40. What will cause the proportion
of individuals in a population that have a specific characteristic or trait to
increase? 41. How did the giraffe get such a
long neck? Click on the “Practice” link at the bottom on the left side. Then click on the “3.
Variation” link. This will bring you to 4 multiple choice
questions about this topic. Answer the
questions below with information you learn from attempting the multiple choice
questions and then checking your answers. 42. What does the process of
crossing over do to the variety of traits that appear in offspring? 43. Why is sexual reproduction, and
NOT asexual reproduction, important in increasing variety within a species? 44. What do chromatids
do during the process of “crossing over”? 45. What kind of reproduction occurs
in organisms that reproduce through binary fission, budding, and sporulation? What kind of offspring are produced through these processes? 46. How many kindgoms
are there? List the order of groupings
in the classification system – start with kingdom and end with species. 47. In which of the 7 groups
mentioned above would organisms have the most in common? |
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