| "E X T R A C R E D I T A S S I G N M E N T # 1"
Using the Past Perfect. DUE DATE MAY 1ST, 2007
Welcome. In this exercise, you will practise forming the past perfect. Based
on the example sentence, complete the past perfect sentence by filling in
the spaces. You can use the full form or the contracted form. For example:
First, I washed the car. Then, I drove to the mall. --> "After I had washed
the car, I drove to the mall."
1. First, we ate at the cafeteria. Then, we went to class.
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2. First, Juan made himself a sandwich. Then, he poured some tea.
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3. First, Gunawan plugged in the headphones. Then, he played a CD.
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4. First, Soriah fed the cat. Then, she called her mother.
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5. First, Marie did her homework. Then, she watched TV.
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" E X T R A C R E D I T ASSIGNMENT # 2" ESOL-4. DUE DATE MAY 7, 2007.
Name _____________________________ Date ___________________
READ THE SELECTION AND ASNWER THESE QUESTIONS.
Henry Ford
By Mary L. Bushong
1.When Lincoln was president, most of the people in the United States lived
on farms. This was also true of the William Ford family near Dearborn,
Michigan. Who would have thought that a Michigan farm boy named Henry Ford
would so revolutionize industry that it would change American society?
2.Young Henry was born on July 30, 1863, and was one of eight children. In
those days, large families were necessary as the workforce of a farm. When
he wasn't laboring in the fields, he attended a small, one-room schoolhouse.
He loved mechanical things, especially clocks, and would repair them for
free just for the opportunity to study the workings.
3.When he was 16, Henry left home and walked to Detroit. There he
apprenticed himself to a mechanic for three years before moving on to work
in an engine shop. By 1884, he returned home to work a farm given to him by
his father. He married and appeared to be happy, but after two years, he was
back in Detroit with his wife and son. His work at the Detroit Edison
Company as a night engineer left him free during the day to work on his own
version of the automobile in the shed behind his home.
4.In 1899, after building several different cars, Henry helped organize the
Detroit Automobile Company, which later became known as Cadillac. The other
partners wanted to build cars for rich people, but Henry disagreed and left.
5.Henry started the Ford Motor Company in 1903. He wanted to produce cars
that the average man could afford. They originally started producing 8
different models, but in 1908 he introduced the Model T, which became the
only car his company produced for many years.
6.Ford introduced several innovations that quickly propelled his company to
the top. The cars were produced on a continuously moving assembly line,
while workers did the same job over and over again. Building the cars in
this fashion allowed them to produce a car every 93 minutes instead of the
usual 728 minutes. This reduced time cut costs so the price was kept down.
7.Ford's other innovation caused a stir among employers all over the
country. He paid his workers five dollars a day, which was twice what other
manufacturers were doing. To add to that, he cut the workday from nine hours
to eight hours. By paying his workers a living wage instead of a subsistence
wage, they were able to afford things, like the cars they helped
manufacture. This was exactly what Ford had in mind. His strategy worked and
by 1927, his company had made half of all the cars on the road.
8.One of the biggest challenges of using an assembly line was keeping things
moving. Sometimes suppliers would not be able to keep up with production,
and it held up the line. Henry Ford solved this problem by buying up sources
of raw materials; rubber plantations, coal mines, large tracts of forests,
as well as transportation; ships and railroad cars to bring the materials to
the plant. The River Rouge plant could take raw iron ore and manufacture it
into all of the necessary parts in 28 hours. The construction of the plant
was amazing, because Ford used only the profits from sales of the Model T to
build it. That plant alone employed 100,000 people.
9.Unfortunately, not everything Ford did was a success. His lack of
schooling caused him to distrust others who had an education. He believed in
his own instincts for the automobile market and would not listen to others
around him. His stubbornness caused the company to fall from being number
one to number three, behind General Motors and Chrysler. He made an
unsuccessful run for the Senate and angered many people with his anti-
Semitism and Pacifist position during World War One and World War Two.
10.Ford also hated labor unions. His was the last of the large car
manufacturing companies to be unionized. In 1941, he gave in only because
the workers threatened to shut the plant down.
11.In 1936, Ford established the Ford Foundation. It was partly a way to
keep control of the company within the family, but it also helped preserve
aspects of history, which were quickly disappearing in Michigan. Through the
Foundation, he constructed Greenfield Village and the Henry Ford Museum.
They also purchased buildings such as Edison's laboratory and created the
Edison Institute and Museum.
12.Henry Ford died in his home, Fair Lane, on April 7, 1947, but not before
he touched the lives of almost every person in the United States in some
way. By 1912 he had sold 7000 Ford dealerships all over the country. He
pushed for gas stations and better roads. Many people credit his desire to
create a mass market for cars with the emergence of the middle class.
13.Ford used the inventions of others to innovate new manufacturing
techniques, but his personality baffled those around him. James Couzens, his
one-time business manager summed it up this way, "You cannot analyze genius,
and Ford is a genius."
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SELECTION.
1. Why were large families necessary on the farm?
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2. Henry wanted to build cars for _________.
A. The rich
B. The working poor
C. The average man
3. How did the continuously moving assembly line affect working class
families?
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4. The large manufacturing plant, which put all of Henry Ford's ideas into
motion was called ______________.
A. The Rouge River Valley plant
B. River Valley plant
C. The Red River plant
D. River Rouge plant
5.Why do you think Ford sold so many dealerships around the country?
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6. Why would Henry Ford's poor education make him distrust people who were
educated?
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7.What character quality of Ford caused the company to slip from first to
third place among car manufacturers?
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8. What is the difference between a subsistence wage and a living wage?
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