Topic: Plants
Week of November 30th - December 4th, 2009
Vocabulary Words Chapter 4: Plants
1. photosynthesis: the process that plants and some organisms use to make
sugar for food.
2. xylem: tiny tubes that carry sugar to the other parts of the plant.
3. phloem: tubes that carry sugar to the other parts of the plant.
4. sugar: glucose, the food that plants make.
5. roots: they anchor the plant in place, store food, and their major job is
to absorb water.
6. chlorophyll: a green substance that provides plants their green color.
7. stomata: the "lungs" of plants, small tiny cells underneath the leaves.
8. chloroplasts: the green part of a plant cell that uses the energy in
sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar.
9. cell respiration: the process of releasing energy from nutrients.
10. transpiration: the release of water vapor into the air from a plant's
leaves.
11. pollen: a powdery material in flowers that contain sperm cells.
12. pollination: the transfer of pollen from the stamens to the pistil of a
flower.
13. spore: a seedlike structure that produces a new plant.
14. embryo: a plant or animal in the earliest stage of development.
15. tropism: a plant's response to a stimulus such as light, water, or
gravity.
Things to Know for the TEST
Study Guide for Chapter 10
Lesson 1 How do leaves help a plant?
- Plants make their own food. Most of this food is made in the plant's
leaves.
- Leaves contain various tissues. Each kind of tissue has particular kinds
of cells that perform a specific role.
- Plants perform photosynthesis using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to
make oxygen and sugar for food.
- Photosynthesis occurs in the parts of plant cells called chloroplasts.
- Sugar moves from the leaves to other parts of the plant where it is stored
and later provides energy. It also forms cellulose, a chemical that makes
up the strong cell walls.
Lesson 2 How do stems and roots help a plant?
- Stems are plant organs that hold leaves, flowers, and fruit on the plant.
- Xylem and phloem tissues are tubes that transport substances within
vascular plants.
- Roots store food, anchor a plant, and absorb water and minerals from the
soil.
- Taproots and fibrous roots are two types of root systems.
Lesson 3 How do plants reproduce?
- In a flowering plant, the stamen makes pollen and the pistil make eggs,
which are responsible for plant reproduction.
- All plants reproduce.
- Plants pass information from one generation to the next through DNA.
- Wind, water, or living things may move pollen from the stamen to the pistil
of a plant or plants.
- Fertilization occurs when the sperm cell joins the egg cell in the pistil.
- A fertilized egg cell grows into a seed with one whole set of DNA, half
from each parent.
- The young plant will grow to look much like its parents, but could have
differences because of the DNA the plant receives from each parent.
- Seeds consist of 3 main parts: seed coat, embryo, and endosperm.
- A seed has 1 or 2 special structures called cotyledons. Seeds of plants
with one cotyledon are called monocots, while seeds of plants with two
cotyledon are called dicots.
- A plant's seeds are spread in a variety of ways so new plants may grow far
from the parent plant.
Lesson 4 How do plants grow?
- Plants grow best under certain environmental conditions, such as when the
soil is not too dry and the air is not too bad.
- A plant's growth is partly affected by its DNA and its environment.
- A plant grows in different directions in response to various environmental
conditions. This response is called tropism.
- At least three types of tropism occur in nature: gravitropism,
phototropism, and thigmotropism.
- A plant's growth is affected by many factors, including growth hormone and
amount of water.
Review Questions
Lesson 1
1.) A.) Describe the purpose and process of photosynthesis?
B.) How does the process change during a full day?
2.) How does photosynthesis in plants benefit animals?
3.) Photosynthesis is the reverse of what process?
4.) What are 2 things produced by plants that animals need to survive?
Lesson 2
1.) What is the function of a plant's stem?
2.) What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?
3.) Why are roots important to plants?
4.) How does a longer root system help a plant grow?
5.) What are the jobs of the phloem and xylem?
Lesson 3
1.) A.) How are plant offspring like their parents?
B.) Why does this happen?
2.) What is the difference between a pistil and a stamen?
3.) What is pollination?
4.) What conditions influence when a seed will sprout?