Kindergarten Standards
Kindergarten Language Standards
CONCEPTS OF PRINT
ELAKR1 The student demonstrates knowledge of concepts of print. The student
a. Recognizes that print and pictures (signs and labels, newspapers, and
informational books) can inform, entertain, and persuade.
b. Demonstrates that print has meaning and represents spoken language in
written form.
c. Tracks text read from left to right and top to bottom.
d. Distinguishes among written letters, words, and sentences.
e. Recognizes that sentences in print are made up of separate words.
f. Begins to understand that punctuation and capitalization are used in all
written sentences.
PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS
ELAKR2 The student demonstrates the ability to identify and orally manipulate
words and individual sounds within those spoken words. The student
a. Identifies and produces rhyming words in response to an oral prompt and
distinguishes rhyming and non-rhyming words.
b. Identifies component sounds (phonemes and combinations of phonemes)
inspoken words.
c. Blends and segments syllables in spoken words.
d. Segments the phonemes in high frequency words.
e. Blends spoken phonemes to make high frequency words.
PHONICS
ELAKR3 The student demonstrates the relationship between letters and
lettercombinations of written words and the sounds of spoken words.The
student
a. Demonstrates an understanding that there are systematic and predictable
relationships between print and spoken sounds.
b. Recognizes and names all uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet.
c. Matches all consonant and short-vowel sounds to appropriate letters.
d. Blends individual sounds to read one-syllable decodable words.
e. Applies learned phonics skills when reading words and sentences in
stories.
FLUENCY
ELAKR4 The student demonstrates the ability to read orally with speed,
accuracy,and expression. The student
a. Reads previously taught high frequency words at the rate of 30 words
correct per minute.
b. Reads previously taught grade-level text with appropriate expression.
VOCABULARY
ELAKR5 The student acquires and uses grade-level words to communicate
effectively.The student
a. Listens to a variety of texts and uses new vocabulary in oral language.
b. Discusses the meaning of words and understands that some words have
multiple meanings.
COMPREHENSION
ELAKR6 The student gains meaning from orally presented text. The student
a. Listens to and reads a variety of literary (e.g., short stories, poems)
and informationaltexts and materials to gain knowledge and for pleasure.
b. Makes predictions from pictures and titles.
c. Asks and answers questions about essential narrative elements
(e.g., beginning-middle-end, setting, characters, problems, events,
resolution)of a read-aloud text.
d. Begins to distinguish fact from fiction in a read-aloud text.
e. Retells familiar events and stories to include beginning, middle, and end.
f. Uses prior knowledge, graphic features (illustrations), and graphic
organizers to understand text.
g. Connects life experiences to read-aloud text.
h. Retells important facts in the student’s own words.
Writing
The student begins to write text that develops a central idea or tells a
story. The writing begins to show consideration of the audience and purpose.
The student’s writing begins to reflect the conventions of written English.
ELAKW1 The student begins to understand the principles of writing. The
student
a. Writes or dictates to describe familiar persons, places, objects, or
experiences.
b. Uses drawings, letters, and phonetically spelled words to create meaning.
c. Accurately prints name, all uppercase and lowercase letters of the
alphabet, and teacher-selected words.
d. Uses left-to-right pattern of writing.
e. Begins to use capitalization at the beginning of sentences and
punctuation (periods and question marks) at the end of sentences.
ELAKLSV1 The student uses oral and visual skills to communicate. The student
a. Listens and speaks appropriately with peers and adults.
b. Follows two-part oral directions.
c. Repeats auditory sequences (letters, words, numbers, and rhythmic
patterns).
d. Recites short poems, rhymes, songs, and stories with repeated patterns.
e. Describes people, places, things, locations, and actions.
f. Increases vocabulary to reflect a growing range of interests and
knowledge.
g. Communicates effectively when relating experiences and retelling stories
heard.
h. Uses complete sentences when speaking.
i. Begins to use subject-verb agreement and tense correctly.
Kindergarten Math Standards
MKN1 Students will connect numerals to the quantities they represent.
a. Count a number of objects up to 30.
b. Produce models for number words through ten.
c. Write numerals through 20 to label sets.
d. Sequence and identify using ordinal numbers (1st-10th).
e. Compare two or more sets of objects (1-10) and identify which set is equal
to, more than, or less than the other.
f. Estimate quantities using five and ten as benchmarks. (e.g., 9 is one five
and four more. It is closer to two fives or one 10 than it is to one
five.)
g. Use informal strategies to share objects equally (divide) between two to
three people or sets.
h. Identify coins by name and value (penny, nickel, dime, and quarter).
i. Count out pennies to buy items that together cost less than 30 cents.
j. Make fair trades involving combinations of pennies and nickels or pennies
and dimes.
MKN2 Students will use representations to model addition and subtraction.
a. Use counting strategies to find out how many items are in two sets when
they are combined.
b. Build number combinations up to 10 (e.g., 4 and 1, 2 and 3, 3 and 2, 4 and
1 for five) and for doubles to 10 (3 and 3 for six).
c. Use objects, pictures, numbers, or words to create, solve, and explain
story problems for two numbers that are each less than 10.
Measurement
Students will explore quantitative situations involving distance, length,
capacity, weight, time, and temperature.
MKM1 Students will group objects according to common properties such as
color, shape, texture, or number.
a. Compare and order objects on the basis of length.
b. Compare and order objects on the basis of capacity.
c. Compare and order objects on the basis of height.
d. Compare and order objects on the basis of weight.
MKM2 Students will understand the measurement of calendar time.
a. Know the names of the days of the week.
b. Know the months of the year.
c. Know the four seasons.
MKM3 Students will tell time as it relates to a daily schedule.
a. Order daily events.
b. Tell the time when daily events occur, such as lunch, to the nearest hour.
c. Know the name of the day of the week when weekly events occur in class.
Geometry
Students will recognize and name basic geometric shapes and spatial
relationships.
MKG1 Students will correctly name simple two and three-dimensional figures,
and recognize them in the environment.
a. Recognize and name the following basic two-dimensional shapes: triangles,
rectangles, squares, and circles.
b. Recognize and name the following three-dimensional shapes: spheres
(balls) and cubes.
c. Observe concrete objects in the environment and represent the objects
using basic shapes, such as drawing a representation of a house using a
square together with a triangle for the roof.
d. Combine basic shapes into basic and more complicated shapes, and decompose
basic shapes into combinations of basic shapes.
e. Compare geometric shapes and identify similarities and differences of the
following two and three-dimensional shapes: triangles, rectangles,
squares, circles, spheres, and cubes.
MKG2 Students will understand basic positional relationships.
a. Identify when an object is beside another object, above another object, or
below another object.
b. Identify when an object is in front of another object, behind another
object, inside another object, or outside it.
MKG3 Students will identify, create, extend, and transfer patterns from one
representation to another using actions, objects, and geometric shapes.
a. Identify a missing shape within a given pattern of geometric shapes.
b. Extend a given pattern, and recognize similarities in different patterns.
MKD1 Students will pose questions, collect data, organize, and record results
using objects, pictures, and picture graphs.
MKP1 Students will solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other
contexts.
a. Solve non-routine word problems using the strategy act out the problem
or use objects.
b. With the use of manipulatives, solve routine word problems related to all
appropriate kindergarten math standards.
MKP2 Students will investigate, develop, and evaluate mathematical arguments.
MKP3 Students will use the language of mathematics to express ideas
precisely.
MKP4 Students will understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build
on one another and will apply mathematics in other content areas.
MKP5 Students will create and use pictures, manipulatives, models, and
symbols to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
Math Terms
numbers through 30
set
longer
shorter
heavier
lighter
morning
afternoon
evening
yesterday
today
tomorrow
days of the week
months of the year
seasons
triangle
rectangle
square
circle
sphere
cube
beside
above
below
in front of
behind
inside
outside
more
less
equal
Kindergarten Science Standards
SKCS1. Students will be aware of the importance of curiosity, honesty,
openness, and skepticism in science and will exhibit these traits
in their own efforts to understand how the world works.
a. Raise questions about the world around you and be willing to seek answers
to some of the questions by making careful observations (5 senses) and
trying things out.
SKCS2. Students will have the computation and estimation skills necessary for
analyzing data and following scientific explanations.
a. Use whole numbers for counting, identifying, and describing things and
experiences.
b. Make quantitative estimates of nonstandard measurements (blocks, counters)
and check by measuring.
SKCS3. Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring, and
manipulating objects in scientific activities.
a. Use ordinary hand tools and instruments to construct, measure (for
example: balance scales to determine heavy/light, weather data,
nonstandard units for length), and look at objects (for example:
magnifiers to look at rocks and soils).
b. Make something that can actually be used to perform a task, using paper,
cardboard, wood, plastic, metal, or existing objects. (For example: paper
plate day and night sky models)
SKCS4. Students will use the ideas of system, model, change, and scale in
exploring scientific and technological matters.
a. Use a model—such as a toy or a picture—to describe a feature of the
primary thing.
b. Describe changes in size, weight, color, or movement, and note which of
their other qualities remains the same. (For example, playing “Follow the
Leader” and noting the changes.)
c. Compare very different sizes (large/small), ages (parent/baby), speeds
(fast/slow), and weights (heavy/light) of both manmade and natural things.
SKCS5. Students will communicate scientific ideas and activities clearly.
a. Describe and compare things in terms of number, shape, texture, size,
weight, color, and motion.
b. Begin to draw pictures that portray features of the thing being described.
Nature of Science
SKCS6. Students will understand the important features of the process of
scientific inquiry.
Students will apply the following to inquiry learning practices:
a. In doing science, it is often helpful to work with a team and to share
findings with others.
b. Tools such as rulers, magnifiers, and balance scales often give more
information about things than can be obtained by just observing things
without help.
c. Much can be learned about plants and animals by observing them closely,
but care must be taken to know the needs of living things and how to
provide for them (classroom pets).
Earth Science
SKE1. Students will describe time patterns (such as day to night and night to
day) and objects (such as sun, moon, stars) in the day and night sky.
a. Describe changes that occur in the sky during the day, as day turns into
night, during the night, and as night turns into day.
b. Classify objects according to those seen in the day sky and those seen in
the night sky.
c. Recognize that the Sun supplies heat and light to Earth.
SKE2. Students will describe the physical attributes of rocks and soils.
a. Use senses to observe and group rocks by physical attributes such as
large/small, heavy/light, smooth/rough, dark/light, etc.
b. Use senses to observe soils by physical attributes such as smell, texture,
color, particle/grain size.
c. Recognize earth materials— soil, rocks, water, air, etc.
Physical Science
SKP1. Students will describe objects in terms of the materials they are made
of and their physical properties.
a. Compare and sort materials of different composition (common materials
include clay, cloth, paper, plastic, etc.).
b. Use senses to classify common materials, such as buttons or swatches of
cloth, according to their physical attributes (color, size, shape, weight,
texture, buoyancy, flexibility).
SKP2. Students will investigate different types of motion.
a. Sort objects into categories according to their motion. (straight, zigzag,
round and round, back and forth, fast and slow, and motionless)
b. Push, pull, and roll common objects and describe their motions.
SKP3. Students will observe and communicate effects of gravity on objects.
a. Recognize that some things, such as airplanes and birds, are in the sky,
but return to earth.
b. Recognize that the sun, moon, and stars are in the sky, but don’t come
down.
c. Explain why a book does not fall down if it is placed on a table, but will
fall down if it is dropped.
Life Science
SKL1. Students will sort living organisms and non-living materials into
groups by observable physical attributes.
a. Recognize the difference between living organisms and nonliving materials.
b. Group animals according to their observable features such as appearance,
size, motion, where it lives, etc. (Example: A green frog has four legs
and hops. A rabbit also hops.)
c. Group plants according to their observable features such as appearance,
size, etc.
SKL2. Students will compare the similarities and differences in groups of
organisms.
a. Explain the similarities and differences in animals. (color, size,
appearance, etc.)
b. Explain the similarities and differences in plants. (color, size,
appearance, etc.)
c. Recognize the similarities and differences between a parent and a baby.
d. Match pictures of animal parents and their offspring explaining your
reasoning. (Example: dog/puppy; cat/kitten; cow/calf; duck/ducklings,
etc.)
e. Recognize that you are similar and different from other students. (senses,
appearance)
Kindergarten Social Studies Standards
SSKH1 The student will identify the purpose of national holidays and describe
the people or events celebrated.
a. Labor Day
b. Columbus Day (Christopher Columbus)
c. Veterans Day
d. Thanksgiving Day
e. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
f. Presidents Day (George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and the current
President)
g. Memorial Day
h. Flag Day
i. Independence Day
SSKH2 The student will identify important American symbols and explain their
meaning.
a. The national and state flags (United States and Georgia flags)
b. The bald eagle
c. The Statue of Liberty
d. Lincoln Memorial
e. WashingtonMonument
f. White House
g. Pledge of Allegiance
h. Star Spangled Banner
SSKH3 The student will correctly use words and phrases related to chronology
and time to explain how things change.
a. Now, long ago
b. Before, after
c. Morning, afternoon, night
d. Today, tomorrow, yesterday
e. First, last, next
f. Day, week, month, year
g. Past, present, future
Geographic Understandings
SSKG1 The student will describe American culture by explaining diverse
community and family celebrations and customs.
SSKG2 The student will explain that a map is a drawing of a place and a globe
is a model of the Earth.
a. Differentiate land and water features on simple maps and globes.
b. Explain that maps and globes show a view from above.
c. Explain that maps and globes show features in a smaller size.
SSKG3 The student will state the street address, city, county, state, nation,
and continent in which he or she lives.
Government/Civic Understandings
SSKCG1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of good citizenship.
a. Explain how rules are made and why.
b. Explain why rules should be followed.
SSKCG2 The student will retell stories that illustrate positive character
traits and will explain how the people in the stories show the
qualities of honesty, patriotism, loyalty, courtesy, respect, truth,
pride, self-control, moderation, and accomplishment.
Economic Understandings
SSKE1 The student will describe the work that people do (police officer, fire
fighter, soldier, mail carrier, baker, farmer, doctor, and teacher).
SSKE2 The student will explain that people earn income by exchanging their
human resources (physical or mental work) for wages or salaries.
SSKE3 The student will explain how money is used to purchase goods and
services.
a. Distinguish goods from services.
b. Identify various forms of U.S. money (coins, currency).
SSKE4 The student will explain that people must make choices because they
cannot have everything they want.
