Basketball
Positions:
Point Guard – Dribbles the ball up the court
Shooting Guard/Small Forward – Takes most of the shots
Center – Plays in front of the free throw line and drives to the goal
Power Forward – Plays along the baseline
Defense:
Zone – Each player picks a zone and defends anyone within that zone. 2-1-2
means two at the top 1 in the middle and 2 close to the goal. 3-2 means 3 up
top and 2 close to the goal. 2-3 means 2 up top and 3 close to the goal.
Any combination of numbers that equal to 5 will work as a zone defense.
Man to Man – Each player picks a player from the opposing team and defends
that person the entire game.
Fouls:
Traveling – Taking more than two steps with the ball without dribbling. The
other team gets the ball in this case
Blocking – Constantly running into an offensive player, or using your hips to
bump into the player with the ball.
Pushing – Pushing off of another player to gain an advantage
Double Dribble – Dribbling the ball with both of your hands at the same time.
Hacking – Using your hands in a hacking motion to steal the ball and hit the
offensive player with the ball.
Shooting Foul – If a player gets fouled while shooting then he gets to shoot
from the free throw line. If he makes that basket while getting fouled then
he takes one shot. If he missed the basket while getting fouled then he
takes two shots.
SOCCER
Soccer is played on a large grass rectangular field with goals on either end.
The ball is out of bounds when the entire soccer ball has crossed the goal
line or touch line, whether on the ground or in the air. Depending on where
it left the field and who touched it last, the ball is put back into play by
a throw-in, corner kick, or goal kick. While soccer field dimensions may vary
slightly by level of play, all fields have some common characteristics:
Midfield line: Line that divides the field into equal halves.
Touch Line: The line that defines the outer edge of the longer sides of the
field. When the ball goes out of bounds over the touch line, a throw in
occurs. Also called the sideline.
Goal lines: Lines that mark out of bounds at either end of the field. When
the ball goes out of bounds over the goal line, either a goal kick or corner
kick occurs, depending on which team last touched the ball. Also called end
lines.
Penalty area: Arguably the most important portion of the field, because a
foul inside the penalty area results in a penalty kick. Also called the
penalty box.
Goal area: Goal kicks are taken from the corners of this box.
Goal: Points are scored when the ball passes through the 8-foot tall goal.
Center circle: Opposing players must stand outside the circle until the ball
is kicked to initiate the game in a kickoff.
Center spot: A mark at the center of the halfway line where the ball is
placed during kickoffs.
Corner kick quarter-circles: Area where ball is placed on corner kicks. A
flag at least five feet high stands at all four corners.
Players are divided into two basic classifications: goalkeepers and field
players. Field players consist of forwards, midfielders and defenders.
Coaches can mix and match the number of players at each position, as long as
there are 11 players on the field. Sample formations include 4-4-2, 3-5-2, 4-
2-4, etc. and are listed defender-midfielder-forward, respectively (see
diagram on other side).
Positions:
Goalkeeper: Keeps the ball out of the goal and organizes team defense. Uses
hands and arms within the penalty area. Possesses sure hands to catch,
deflect, or punch shots away from the goal. Also called goalie or keeper.
Forwards: Attack the opposition to create scoring opportunities. Take the
majority of shots. Also called attackers.
Midfielders: Enable the transition from the fullbacks to the forward.
Constantly in motion, both defending and attacking. Also called halfbacks.
Defenders: Provide last line of defense before the goalie. Stop the
opposition before a shot is taken. Some coaches assign a single defender,
called a sweeper, who plays closest to his own goal behind the defenders.
Also called fullbacks.
