This
unit offers a review of statistics concepts introduced and reinforced in prior
grades. Students
begin with an introduction to box-and-whiskers plots as a tool for comparing
data sets. In
the remaining investigations, students explore what samples are and how they
are related to populations, ways to select samples, and the use of random
samples. Issues
of representation and bias in data analysis are also addressed. Statistics is
the science that relies on data to answer questions.
A
statistical investigation typically encompasses four interrelated components:
posting
the question, collecting the data, analyzing the data, and interpreting the
results. Students’
recognition and use of the process of statistical investigation is important
in working with statistics.
We
continually want to focus their attention on the process even as we
work with them to develop strategies that are part of the process, such
as computing measures of center or spread and making graphs
Grade 8: Unit 1
Grade-Level Expectations
(List Number, Text, and
Benchmark Codes)
7.
Use
proportion reasoning to model and solve real-life problems. (N-8-M)
8.
Solve
real-life problems involving percentages, including percentages less than one
or greater than 100. (N-8-M) (N-5-M)
34.
Determine
what kind of data display is appropriate for a given situation. (D-1-M)
35.
Match
a data set or graph to a described situation and vice versa. (D-1-M)
36.
Organize
and display data using circle graphs. (D-1-M)
37.
Collect
and organize data using box-and-whisker plots and use the plots to interpret
quartiles and range. (D-1-M) (D-2-M)
38.
Sketch
and interpret a trend line (i.e., lie of best fit) on a scatter plot.
(D-2-M)
(A-4-M) (A-5-M)
39.
Analyze
and make predictions from discovered data patterns (D-2-M)
40.
Explain
factors in a data set that would affect measures of central tendency (e.g.,
impact of extreme values) and discuss which measure is most appropriate for a
given situation. (D-2-M)
41.
Select
random samples that are representative of the population, including sampling
with and without replacement, and explain the effect of sampling on bias.
(D-2-M)
(D-4-M)
44.
Use
experimental data presented in tables and graphs to make outcome predictions
of independent events. (D-5-M)