Physics First Nine-Week Topics
Safety in the Physics Lab Measurement Skills Units of Physics Significance Accuracy v. Precision Scientific Notation Dimensional Analysis & Conversions Hypothesis, Theory, Law Scientific Method terminology & procedures Independent v. Dependent Variables Graphing Techniques Newton's Three Laws of Motion - define & apply Graphing & Interperting: Velocity, Acceleration, Force Problem Solving & Critical Thinking: Velocity v = d/t m/s Acceleration a = v/t m/s^2 Force F = ma N (newton) Momentum p = mv kg-m/s Free Fall d = 1/2 x a x t^2 m (meters) Mass v. Weight Scalar v. Vector Quantities Discuss Egg Drop Project concepts, purpose, & resultsBack to Top
Physics Second Nine-Week Topics
Types of Forces - differentiate between types of forces Force v. Net Force Balanced v. Unbalanced Forces Trigonometry of Right Triangles: Use of Pythagorean Theorem and sine, cosine, & tangent Vector Analysis: - Vector Addition (use Pythagorean Theorem to determine resultant and tangent to find direction in degrees) - Vector Resolution (resolving resultant vector into its x and y components using SOHCAHTOA) Multiple Vector Analysis - Determine one resultant vector to replace all other vectors pulling on Point P; - Determine its acceleration; - Determine the equilibrant vector that stops resultant vector's acceleration. Two-Dimensional Projectile Motion - Range horizontal displacement = horizontal velocity x total time - Max Height = 1/2 x g x t^2 (t = time up) - Time Up = vertical velocity / gravity - Vertical Velocity = Initial Velocity x sine theta - Horizontal Velocity = Initial Velocity x cosine theta Work A form of energy (energy is ability to do work) - Linear Work = force x displacement (no movement, no work) Label is J (joules) - Angular Work = force x cosine theta x displacement Power P= Work/time = Fd/t = F(cos theta)d/t = Fv Label is W (watts) Mobile Project - discuss application of work to the projectBack to Top
Physics Third Nine-Week Topics
Answer #3 (blank)Back to Top
Physics Fourth Nine-Week Topics
Physics Static Electricity Coulomb's Law F = kq'q/d-squared k = proportionality constant 9.0 x 10^9 N-m^2/C^2 Induction versus Conduction Electric Fields E = f/q' V = Ed W= = qV P=W/t = qV/t F = mg & F = q'E QED mg = q'E Capacitance C = q/V Electric Currents Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge. 1 A = 1 C/s P = VI p = power V = voltage I = current V = IR so P = IRI = I^2 R Q (thermal energy) = I^2Rt (power through time) Ohm's Law R = V/I R label ohms (omega sign) resistance varies directly with voltage (potential difference) and indirectly with the current Series v. Parallel Circuits Ammeter measures current; goes in series Voltmeter measures voltage (potential); goes in parallel Potentiometer (aka, variable resistor or rheostat Series and Parallel Circuitry V = V.1 + V.2 + V.3 +....+ V.n = IR + IR + IR + IR... Series R = R.1 + R.2 + R.3 + .... Parallel 1/R1 + 1/R.2 + 1/R.3 + ... Magnetic Fields General Properties of Magnets Left-handed Rules (three) Domain Magnetic Induction Strength of Magnetic Field, B B = F / IL (L=length of wire) unit is the tesla, T which if Newton/Ampere times meter Force of magnetic field F = BqV Electromagnetic Induction Faraday said that if an electric current can induce a magnetic field then a magnetic field should be able to induce a current. EMF = BLv (B mag field strength; L length of wire; v velocity of wire in the field)Back to Top
Chemistry First and Second Nine-Weeks Semester Exam Topics
First Semester Exam (covers first and second nine-week periods) 1. What is the scientific method? Why do scientists use the scientific method? 2. How is a law different from a theory? 3. What is the difference between a hypothesis and an experiment? 4. What is matter? What is a substance? 5. How is a chemical property different from a physical property? State examples of each. 6. What is the difference between an element and a compound? 7. Distinguish between a gas, a liquid, and a solid. Which of these states of matter has more energy? 8. What is energy? What are the forms of energy? How are they different from each other? 9. How is potential energy different from kinetic energy? 10. Explain the Law of the Conservation of Energy and the Law of the Conservation of Mass. 11. Describe distillation. What is its function? 12. Describe a chemical reaction. 13. During a chemical reaction, how is the mass affected? 14. Distinguish between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous mixture. Give examples of each. 15. Distinguish between accuracy and precision. 16. State the rules for determining how many significant digits are in a measurement. 17. Practice the problems in the text dealing with significant digit determination. 18. Practice the problems in the text dealing with adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing significant digits. 19. What are the SI units? State each and the labels associated with each. 20. How is mass different from weight? 21. Practice problems converting between units, such as: kg > g > mg, mg > g > kg, L > mL, mL > L 22. What is the difference between temperature and heat? 23. What are the units for temperature? What are the units for heat? 24. How do you convert between Celsius and Kelvins? 25. How do you convert between calories and Joules? 26. Define density and state its formula. 27. How is density affected when mass is increased and volume remains the same? 28. How is density affected when volume is increased and mass remains the same? 29. Practice problems in the text dealing with density where you find (a) density given mass and volume, (b) mass given density and volume, and (c) volume given mass and density. 30. What is a conversion factor? Why is it used? 31. What is dimensional analysis? To what does the term dimensional refer? 32. Practice dimensional analysis problems from the text. 33. State the principles of Daltons Law. 34. Which of these are now considered incorrect and state why. 35. What is atomic number? 36. What is mass number? 37. How can mass number be used to calculate the number of protons or the number of neutrons? 38. What is an isotope of an element? 39. What is atomic mass? Why is it not a whole number? 40. Explain the difference between a family and a period on a periodic table. 41. What does the number at the top of a column on a periodic table represent? 42. What does a period on a periodic table represent? 43. What is the difference between a representative element, a transition element, and an inner transition element? 44. Where are the metals on the periodic table? Where are the nonmetals? How do the physical properties of metals different from nonmetals? 45. Where are the alkali metals? Where are the alkaline earth metals? Where are the halogens? Where are the inert or noble gases? 46. What is an ion? What is the difference between a cation and an anion? 47. How does a neutral atom become a cation? How does a neutral atom become an anion? 48. Where are cations located on the periodic table? Where are anions located on the periodic table? 49. What is a polyatomic ion? 50. Write the symbols with the charge for each of the following polyatomic ions: ammonium ion hydroxide ion nitrate ion carbonate ion sulfate ion phosphate ion 51. How is an ionic compound different from a molecular compound? How are electrons bonded in each type of compound? 52. Why do you use prefixes in molecular compounds but not in ionic compounds? What are the names of the prefixes from 1 through 10? (See p. 105 in text if you cannot name these.) 53. Why can you not use charges to form molecular compounds? 54. How do you name ionic compounds? Name NaCl, Al(OH)3 55. How do you name molecular compounds? Name P2O5. 56. How do you name the two types of acids (binary and polyatomic)? Name HCl. Name H2SO4. 57. What does a subscript represent in a compound? 58. What is the mole? 59. What is the purpose of the mole? 60. What is molar mass? 61. State the three quantities the mole can be equivalent to. 62. Practice problems converting between the mole and representative particles, between the mole and mass, and between the mole and volume. 63. Practice problems converting between particles and mass, particles and volume, and mass and volume. 64. What does percent composition mean? 65. What is the percent composition of sodium in sodium chloride? 66. What are the five types of reactions? State the definition of each and give three examples of each type. 67. What does it mean to balance a reaction? What law demands that a reaction be balanced? 68. What is a coefficient used for? 69. Practice identifying reactions by type using the reactions in the text. 70. Practice balancing reactions using the reactions in the text. Chemistry Exam Review Third Nine-Week Topics Forming and Naming Compounds To use ions to form compounds and name those compounds according to type. Reactions To use the five reaction types to predict products and balance each reaction to satisfy the law of the conservation of matter. The Mole To use the mole concept to convert between the units of particles, mass, and volume. Stoichiometry To apply stoichiometric calculations to reactions to obtain quantitative data to support scientific conclusions. Note: Use the Worksheets in this section to practice mole conversions and stoichiometric calculations Chemistry Exam Review Fourth Nine-Week Topics Content: 25% third nine-week topics; 75% fourth nine-week topics. Heat in Chemical Reactions What is an exothermic reaction? Why do almost all chemical reactions involve changes in energy? On which side of a chemical equation does the energy term appear in an exothermic reaction? Endothermic reaction? Is cloud formation an exothermic or endothermic process? What information is provided by the enthalpy change, DH, of a reaction? Explain the significance of the sign of the enthalpy change for a reaction. Why is the DH for a reaction proportional to the quantity of reactants? How is Hess law used to find DH for a reaction? Identify the following as exothermic or endothermic: Br2 (s) --> Br2 (l) & Br2 (g) --> Br2 (l) Behavior of Gases State the postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases. List five properties of gases. How does the kinetic-molecular theory account for gas pressure? What are the four gas variables? Define STP for gases. State and describe the following laws: Boyles, Charles, Gay- Lussacs. Show how the following three gas laws are all represented in the combined gas law. State and describe Daltons Law of Partial Pressures. How does the kinetic-molecular theory account for Boyles Law, Charles Law, and Gay-Lussacs Law? State and describe the units in the Ideal Gas Law. Why must Kelvins be used in gas law problems instead of degrees Celsius? Which assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory are not valid with real gases? How is the density of a gas related to its temperature? How can a balloon get life in air? Solutions What is a solution? Describe its properties. What are the two components of a solution? How can you differentiate between them? Describe molarity and state its formula. What is a saturated solution? An unsaturated solution? A supersaturated solution? What is solubility? How does a solution form? What role does energy play in this process? List and describe three factors that affect the solubility of a substance. Explain how the rate at which a solute dissolves can be increased. In terms of the kinetic-molecular theory, explain why the solubility of a gas in a liquid generally decreases with an increase in temperature. Acids, Bases, and Salts State the Arrhenius definitions of an acid and a base. What is a neutralization reaction? In addition, give two examples. What are the Bronsted-Lowry definitions of an acid and a base? What are conjugate acids and conjugate bases according to Bronsted-Lowry? How is Arrhenius theory different from Bronsted-Lowrys theory? What are Lewis definitions of an acid & base?* *See Ch 18 of the Addison- Wesley textbook. What does the acid dissociation constant indicate about an acid? What does the base dissociation constant indicate about a base? What is an acidic hydrogen? What structural similarity do Bronsted-Lowry bases have in common? Reactions of Acids and Bases What is the pH scale? What does this scale measure? What is the pH of a solution that has an [H+] = 1.0 x 10-8 ? What is the [OH-] of a solution if its [H+] = 1.0 x 10-8 ? What is the pOH of a solution if it has a pH of 2.0? How can titration be used to determine the concentration of a base? How can the normality of an acid or a base be determined using the solutions molarity? Redox Define oxidation and reduction. What happens during oxidation and reduction? Where in the periodic table do you think strong oxidizing agents are found? Reducing agents? Which reaction types undergo redox? Determine oxidation numbers;which substance(s) are reduced;which are oxidized;write half-reactions; balance using electrons;state which substance is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent. Can an element undergo oxidation as well as reduction in the same reaction? Use a reaction to demonstrate your point. Thermodynamics How is a spontaneous reaction different from a nonspontaneous reaction? What two concerns are addressed by thermodynamics? Can enthalpy alone be an indicator of spontaneity of a reaction? How do you determine enthalpy of a reaction? What happens to the sign of DH when a chemical equation of a reaction is reversed? Give two examples of exothermic reactions that are not spontaneous. What is entropy? Explain how the entropy change of the surroundings is related to the enthalpy change of a reaction? What is Gibbs free energy equation? State and describe the signs of delta G for a spontaneous reaction and for a nonspontaneous reaction. What is happening when delta G equals zero? Is a reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous if it is endothermic and experiencing a decrease in entropy? Explain your choice. Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. If so, why do conservationists want us to conserve energy. Note: Use the Categories marked with a star on this webpage to go to review material for each of the topics for this nine weeks.Back to Top
Chemistry Third and Fourth Nine-Weeks Semester Exam Topics
Chemistry Topics Spring Semester Exam 2004 Semester Exam questions include material from: 25% of third nine-weeks topics and 75% of fourth nine-weeks topics Third Nine-Week Topics Reactions 5 types, predicting, balancing Stoichiometry Moles, Mass, Volume, Particles Percent Yield Limiting Reagent Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions Heat of Reaction Fourth Nine-Week Topics Solutions and Concentration Molarity Dilutions Colligative Properties molality Reversible Reactions & Chemical Equilibrium LeChateliers Principle Acid-Base Chemistry Properties pH Acid-Base Theories Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis Strong versus Weak Acids and Bases Titration Normality Reduction-Oxidation Reactions (Redox) Gas Laws Combined & Ideal Phase Change Nuclear Reactions alpha rx, beta rxBack to Top
Exam Topics by Subject and Nine-Week Period
First Nine-Week Exam Topics Allied Health I History of Healthcare Career Ladder in Healthcare Tenets of Hippocratic Oath Current Trends in Healthcare Future of Healthcare Patient's Bill of Rights Client versus Patient Interpersonal Dynamics Conflict Resolution Model Characteristics of the Healthcare Worker Values/Attitudes/Behavior Hierarchy of Needs Communication: Verbal and Nonverbal Model for Problem Solving and Decision Making Assertive versus Aggressive Behavior Guidelines for Good Listening Skills Legal and Ethical Principles Code of Ethics Malpractice and Liability Confidentiality Client Rights Documentation Allied Health II Chemistry Physics First Nine-Week Exam Topics 1. Safety in the Physics Lab 2. Dimensional Analysis using conversion factors 3. Scientific Notation 4. Significance 5. Accuracy versus Precision 6. Independent Variable versus Dependent Variable 7. Hypothesis – define and apply 8. Vector Quantities versus Scalar Quantities 9. Newton's Three Laws of Motion – define and apply: 1st Law 2nd Law 3rd Law 10.Define, know labels, and use in equations: Velocity Acceleration Displacement Time Density Free Fall Force Mass Gravity 11. Make and interpret Distance-Time, Velocity-Time, and Acceleration-Time Graphs 12. Discuss Egg Drop Project and results Second Nine-week Exam Topics Allied Health I Allied Health II Chemistry Physics Third Nine-Week Exam Topics Chemistry Nine-Week Exam Components: Cations and Anions Types of Compounds Compound Formation using Charges Naming Compounds Types of Reactions Predicting Products Balancing Chemical Equations The Mole Mole Equivalencies Mole Conversions: single step and multistep Stoichiometry: mole to mole and mass to mass calculations Internship Small Business Terminology What is a small business? How is it structured? What technology (hardware and software) is used to manage the business and pay its employees? What responsibilities and benefits must a small business provide its employees? What licenses and fees are needed to open/run a small business? What laws regulate small businesses? How can an individual obtain a small business loan from a bank? ...from the federal government? How do the tax laws apply to small businesses? How can you apply what you have learned to the business at which you are interning? Allied Health II Medical Terminology Nine-Week Exam Components for Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Digestive, and Eye Systems: I. Word Parts and Terms II. New Terms III. Abbreviations IV. Review Exercises Physics Fourth Nine-Week Exam Topics Allied Health I Seeking a Healthcare Career Laboratory Science Careers Imaging Careers Medical Careers Nursing Careers Dental Careers Veterinary Medicine Careers Rehabilitation Careers Social Science Careers Emergency Medicine Careers Hospital Administration Careers Chemistry Thermochemistry Gas Laws Solutions Molarity Acid-Base Theory and Neutralization Titration Gibbs Law Redox Reactions Interns Based on Intern Experience and Nine-Week Report Allied Health II Medical Terminology The Nervous System The Endocrine System Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Obstetrics and Neonatology For each preceding system, the following will be covered: I. Word Parts and Terms II. New Terms III. Abbreviations IV. Review Exercises Physics Static Electricity Coulomb's Law F = kq'q/d-squared k = proportionality constant 9.0 x 10^9 N.msqd/Csqd Induction versus Conduction Electric Fields E = f/q' V = Ed W= = qV P=W/t = qV/t F = mg & F = q'E QED mg = q'E Capacitance C = q/V Electric Currents Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge. 1 A = 1 C/s P = VI p = power V = voltage I = current V = IR so P = IRI = I^2 R Q (thermal energy) = I^2Rt (power through time) Ohm's Law R = V/I R label ohms (omega sign) resistance varies directly with voltage (potential difference) and indirectly with the current Series v. Parallel Circuits Ammeter measures current; goes in series Voltmeter measures voltage (potential); goes in parallel Potentiometer (aka, variable resistor or rheostat Series and Parallel Circuitry V = V.1 + V.2 + V.3 +....+ V.n = IR + IR + IR + IR... Series R = R.1 + R.2 + R.3 + .... Parallel 1/R1 + 1/R.2 + 1/R.3 + ... Magnetic Fields General Properties of Magnets Left-handed Rules (three) Domain Magnetic Induction Strength of Magnetic Field, B B = F / IL (L=length of wire) unit is the tesla, T which if Newton/Ampere times meter Force of magnetic field F = BqV Electromagnetic Induction Faraday said that if an electric current can induce a magnetic field then a magnetic field should be able to induce a current. EMF = BLv (B mag field strength; L length of wire; v velocity of wire in the field)Back to Top
Allied Health I Semester Exam Study Guide
What is the healthcare career ladder? How is it structured? Why is it called a ladder? What is the purpose of a career ladder? Know the career ladder for each of the healthcare clusters. For instance: What is the career ladder of the nursing healthcare cluster, starting with the professional level? What basic educational levels do each of the following have to have regardless of the healthcare cluster? Professional, Technologist, Technician, Assistant, Aide For instance: In general, what is the education requirement for technicians regardless of the healthcare cluster? Compare the educational requirements of the laboratory technologist with hose of the laboratory technician. How do the educational requirements and the duties of the psychiatrist differ from those of the psychologist? Know the duties of each level of the healthcare career ladder for each of the clusters. For instance: Compare and contrast the personal characteristics and skills of the laboratory healthcare worker with those of the imaging healthcare worker. How are the duties of the licensed practical nurse different from those of the nurse assistant? Which medical health care worker performs both clerical and clinical functions under the supervision of the physician? Compare and contrast the responsibilities of the medical doctor with the physician assistant. How are the responsiblilies of the the dental hygienist different from those of the dental assistant? What is credentialing? What are the levels of credentialing? For instance: What is the educational path and credentialing of the individual wishing to be a medical doctor? What credentialing is necessary to become a veterinarian? What areas of specialization are available to: Medical Doctor Registered Nurse Veterinarian Therapists What are some advantages and disadvantages of being an animal heathcare worker? What physical characterisitcs and skills must the animal healthcare worker possess? What one characteristic is considered most important to all healthcare workers,regardless of the cluster or the level within a health care ladder? Why? What are the essential components of a good resume? What skills and experience do think would be especially good to include in a resume when applying for a healthcare position? Review the problem-solving model. Be prepared to analyze different healthcare-related scenarios using the problem-solving model. Be prepared to write a one-page essay on your career choice. Be able to describe the career in general terms, state educational requirements, duties, responsibilities, credentialing, advantages/disadvantages, costs involved, salary levels, and any other topics specific to your career choice.Back to Top