STATES OF MATTER
What are the 3 states of water? --solids, liquids, and gases
What is a solid ? --has a definite shape and definite volume
What is a liquid? --has a definite volume, but not a definite shape
What is a gas? --does not have a definite shape or volume
Describe the particles of a solid. --the particles of a solid are packed tightly together
and can only vibrate
Describe the particles of a liquid. --the particles of a liquid are not packed together so tightly,
So they can move more freely. This allows the liquid to
flow and take the shape of the container.
Describe the particles of a gas. --packed together the least
--take the shape of their container
--can move much faster
--density of the particles is so low that an increase in
pressure can move the gas particles closer together
What substances can exist as --all substances can exist as solids, liquids, and gases;
solids, liquids, and gases? However, some require extreme temperatures and atmos-
pheric pressures in order to do so.
How do you change a solid into a --by heating it so that it melts
liquid?
How do you change a liquid into a --by cooling it so that it freezes
solid?
How do you change a liquid to a --by heating it so that it evaporates
gas?
How do you change a gas to a --by cooling it so that it condenses
liquid?
What happens when a substance --a substance turns from a liquid to a solid
freezes?
What happens when a substance --a substance changes in state from a solid to a liquid
melts?
What happens when a substance --a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
boils?
What happens during evaporation? --when particles escape from a non-boiling liquid and become a gas
Draw a diagram of the atoms that
make up a solid.
Draw a diagram of the atoms that
make up a liquid.
Draw a diagram of the atoms that
make up a gas.
What happens during condensation? --water vapor in the air cools off and turns back into a liquid.
What happens during sublimation? --particles escape from a solid and turn into a gas without melting first
Name an example. --carbon dioxide forms a cold gas that looks like smoke without melting first
How do changes in states of matter -- changes occur when heat energy is added or removed from the substance
occur? When heat is added to a substance, the particles gain energy. They move
faster and farther apart. When heat is removed from a substance, the
particles slow down and move closer together. Particles that move farther
away turn from a solid into a liquid or a liquid into a gas. Particles that
move closer together change from a gas into a liquid or a liquid into a solid
What is the melting and freezing point --the melting and freezing point of water is the same---0 degrees Celsius or
for water? 32 degrees Farenheit
Do all substances have the same freezing --no, every stubstance has its own temperature at which it changes from
and melting points? a liquid to a solid and a solid back to a liquid. Substances that are solids
at room temperature have a very high freezing and melting point.
What is the boiling point of a sub- --the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas
stance? Not all substances have the same boiling point. Substances that are
gases at room temperature have very low boiling points.
How can melting and boiling points ---most substances can be identified by their melting and boiling points
be useful?
How are melting, freezing, and boiling --they must be measured
determined for a substance?
What type of property are states of --physical properties
matter and boiling, melting, and freezing
