*English Study Guide*

STUDY GUIDE FOR PRONOUNS

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

A subject pronoun comes before the predicate.  It will tell who or what is 
doing the action of the sentence.  These are the subject pronouns:
   I  he  she  they  we  you  it
   Examples:  I walk home. 
              She plays soccer.
              They are coming for dinner.
              It is lost.

Other pronouns come after the predicate.  These pronouns are:
   me   him  her  them  us  you  it
   Examples:  Please give it to me.
              David is going with him.
              Andrew plays with them.
              Maggie dropped it.

Please note:  you and it can come before OR after predicates.

The Singular pronouns are:  I, me, he, she, it, her, him, you.
The Plural pronouns are: we, us, they, them, you.

Possessive Pronouns are pronouns that show who owns something.  They take 
the place of the person AND the object that is owned.  The possessive 
pronouns are: 
  mine  yours  ours  hers  his   theirs
  Examples:  Samantha's book  -  hers
             Our garden   -  ours
             Doug's glove  -  his

I is a subject pronoun.  It always comes before a verb.
Me is used after the verb.  It always comes after the verb.
  Ex:  I walk home.
       I danced.
       I went to the parade.
       James and I swim in the pool.

       Joe gave me a pen.
       Fred called me on the phone.
       Lucy bought Sue and me ice cream.
       She saw me at the store.

TEST WILL BE FRIDAY NOVEMBER 20, 2009

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STUDY GUIDE FOR NOUNS

A Noun is a person, place, or thing.  A noun names something.

A common noun is a general noun.  It names a general or group of persons, 
places, or things.  Examples:  boy, girl, teacher, book, towel, city,street.

A proper noun is a specific noun.  It points out a particular person, place, 
or thing.  Proper nouns are ALWAYS capitalized.  Examples:  Jack, Amanda, 
Mrs. Sullo, Medford, The Bible, High Street.

A singular noun names only one person, place, or thing.

A plural noun names more than one person, place, or thing.

To make a noun plural:
  Some nouns add -s.  Ex: boys, girls, books.
  Nouns that end in -s, -x, -z, -sh, and -ch add -es to form the plural.
     Ex:  buses, foxes, buzzes, brushes, and churches.
  Nouns that end in -consonant and y form the plural by changing the -y to 
     -i and adding -es.  Ex:  daisy - daisies  candy - candies
  Some nouns change completely to become plural.  Some examples include:
     tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, child-children, mouse-mice.
  Some nouns are the same whether singular or plural.  Some examples include:
     deer, fish, moose, trout, and sheep.

Possessive means ownership.  It can also mean belonging to someone or 
something.  

To make a singular noun possessive add 's.
    Ex:  David's hat (the hat that belongs to David)
         the girl's shoe (the shoe that belongs to the girl)
         the book's cover
To make a plural noun possessive follow these steps:
1.  Make sure the noun is plural.
2.  If the plural noun ends in s, add an apostrophe.  (boys', books', etc.)
3.  If the plural noun does not end in s, add 's.  (children's, men's,etc.)

Here is a chart to show some examples:

Singular     Sing. Poss.   Plural    Plural Poss.
boy           boy's         boys      boys'
bug           bug's         bugs      bugs'
child         child's       children  children's
goose         goose's       geese     geese's
lady          lady's        ladies    ladies'
brush         brush's       brushes   brushes'

TEST WILL BE FRIDAY OCTOBER 30, 2009

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STUDY GUIDE FOR SENTENCES

A Sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

A Telling Sentence tells you about something.  It is sometimes called a 
statement.  A telling sentence always ends with a period.

An Asking Sentence asks something.  It is called a question.  An asking 
sentence always ends with a question mark.

A Commanding Sentence tells someone what to do.  It is called a command.  
Commanding sentences can end with either a period or an exclamation point.

An Exclaiming Sentence expresses strong or sudden feeling.  An exclaiming 
sentence always ends with an exclamation point.  

Examples of each sentence type:
The building is seventy feet tall.  (Telling)
Do you have any money?  (Asking)
Put the dishes away.  (Command)
That cake is huge!  (Exclaiming)

ALL SENTENCES BEGIN WITH A CAPITAL LETTER!!

The subject noun and predicate verb are the most important words in a 
sentence. 

The action, or what is happening, in the sentence is the predicate.

The subject can be found by asking who? or what? before the predicate.  The 
subject shows who/what is doing the action of the sentence.

Examples:

   Monkeys eat bananas.    The predicate is eat, because that is the action.
                           Who eats?  Monkeys, therefore monkeys is the 
                           subject of the sentence.

   Mrs. Sullo teaches class.  The predicate is teaches, because that is the 
                              action.  Who teaches?  Mrs. Sullo, therefore
                              Mrs. Sullo is the subject of the sentence.

   Snow fell down.         The predicate is fell, because that is the action.
                           What fell?  Snow, therefore snow is the subject
                           of the sentence.

TEST WILL BE ON WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 29, 2009.