What is PSM/ RtI?

NEW HANOVER COUNTY SCHOOLS IS PILOTING A RESPONSE TO INTERVENTION/ PROBLEM 
SOLVING MODEL IN ITS ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. DATA BASED DECISION MAKING AND EARLY 
INTERVENTION ARE KEY COMPONENTS OF THE PROGRAM. 

HERE'S AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHILOSOPHY:

A Tiered Approach to Intervention

-paraphrased from article by Julie Berline, Graduate Research Assistant at 
University of Central Florida - thanks to Jan Toomes, Bradley Creek Elementary

The Problem Solving Model is a three/four-tiered approach that focuses on 
identifying struggling students and providing additional instructional and 
intervention support that is needed.  The classroom teacher is involved at 
every level/tier.

Level I (Tier 1)

•	Core instruction provided to all students. 
•	Informal progress monitoring using classroom data. Is the student 
making progress? If not, move to Level II/Tier 2 intervention. 
•	General interventions are used specific to student’s needs within the 
classroom setting and at home (parent involvement is key!).

Level II (Tier 2)
•	Additional instructional time is needed beyond the core instruction 
(up to 30 additional minutes).
•	Use of supplemental instructional materials to enhance Level I 
instruction 
•	Increase the intensity of instruction 
•	Almost always given in small groups or 1:1
•	Instruction must be precisely targeted at the right level on 
student's most critical learning needs.
•	Someone from outside of the classroom might be involved.  This may 
include grade-level peers, school support staff (school counselor, mental 
health therapist, social worker, school psychologist, reading specialists, 
resource teachers, speech therapists, etc.).
•	The explicitness of instruction must be increased.
•	Communication with parents regarding students’ progress or lack 
thereof, and increasing or modifying the interventions being provided at home
•	Increase progress monitoring using classroom data. Is the student 
making progress? If not, consideration of more intensive intervention at 
Level III/Tier 3. 


Level III (Tier 3)

•	Student is not successful after Tier 1 and 2 
instruction/interventions. A team meeting takes place.
•	Instruction is intensive, strategic, and specifically designed and 
customized for the student. Intervention is based on student needs and may be 
different for each student. 
•	Instruction is delivered in small group or 1:1. 
•	Increased progress monitoring 2-3 times per week using designated 
probes. 


Level IV - To qualify for EC services, it must be documented that the student 
is not responding to high-intensity, specific interventions over a period of 
time.  More specifically, the following must occur:

•	the student’s growth rate must be below that of their grade-level 
peers (determined by use of probes);
•	their performance is consistently below their goal line (determined 
by probes and county data);
•	the intensity of interventions and time spent must closely resemble 
the services they might receive in the Exceptional Children’s program.

Also, there must be an educational impact.