Name: 
 

Chapter 7 Lessons 1-4 Test


Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
A stream or river that flows into a larger one is a
a.
tributary.
b.
water basin.
c.
runoff.
d.
channel.
 

 2. 
A rock formed when melted rock material cools and hardens is a(n)
a.
igneous rock.
b.
metamorphic rock.
c.
sedimentary rock.
d.
fluid rock.
 

 3. 
A mineral that is valued for being rare and beautiful is a(n)
a.
alloy.
b.
ore.
c.
fossil.
d.
gem.
 

 4. 
Hot, molten rock deep below Earth’s surface is called
a.
lava.
b.
mantlerock.
c.
parent rock.
d.
magma.
 

 5. 
A mineral containing a useful substance is called a(n)
a.
mine.
b.
vein.
c.
ore.
d.
alloy.
 

 6. 
The rocky surface that makes up the top of Earth’s lithosphere is the
a.
mantle.
b.
continental plates.
c.
crust.
d.
geography.
 

 7. 
The _____ is the hard outer layer of the Earth about 100 km (62.14 mi) thick.
a.
crust
b.
troposphere
c.
atmosphere
d.
lithosphere
 

 8. 
A rock formed when bits of matter join together is a(n)
a.
igneous rock.
b.
metamorphic rock.
c.
sedimentary rock.
d.
concrete rock.
 

 9. 
An earthquake is related to a crack in the crust called a(n)
a.
fault.
b.
fracture.
c.
splinter.
d.
crevasse.
 

 10. 
Earth’s water is called the
a.
hydrosphere.
b.
atmosphere.
c.
lithosphere.
d.
troposphere.
 

 11. 
Dissolved materials, silt, gravel, sand, and small boulders a river can carry are called
a.
runoff.
b.
sediment.
c.
chemicals.
d.
channels.
 

 12. 
What does a mineral with a metallic luster look like?
a.
oily
b.
shiny
c.
waxy
d.
dull
 

 13. 
Fold mountains are caused by what force?
a.
tension
b.
shear
c.
gravity
d.
compression
 

 14. 
There are many layers of gas that surround the Earth. These layers are called the
a.
troposphere.
b.
atmosphere.
c.
lithosphere.
d.
crust.
 

 15. 
Farmers can protect the mineral content of soil by
a.
adding fertilizers and rotating crops.
b.
adding fertilizers and terracing.
c.
rotating crops and contour plowing.
d.
terracing and contour plowing.
 

 16. 
The place where a river empties into an ocean is called what part of the river?
a.
watershed
b.
meander
c.
tributary
d.
mouth
 

 17. 
A ___ is a fan-shaped deposit that forms at the mouth of a river.
a.
current
b.
hydrosphere
c.
delta
d.
meander
 

 18. 
Sometimes rivers form s-shape meanders. What conditions exist for this to happen?
a.
The river valley is nearly flat.
b.
The river always overflows its banks.
c.
The river valley is flat and sediments are thick.
d.
The sediments are thick.
 

 19. 
Tributaries are fed by the drainage of runoff. The area from which the water is drained is called a
a.
water basin.
b.
watershed.
c.
reservoir.
d.
channel.
 

Short Answer
 

 20. 
Why is coal an example of a fossil fuel? Describe how coal is formed.
 

 21. 
Communicate  Where and when would you look for signs of weathering, erosion, or deposition in your community?  Explain.
 

 22. 
Observe  You find a substance that you think may be a valuable mineral.  Describe at least three observations you could make to help you identify the substance.
 

 23. 
Explain how soil is formed.
 

 24. 
How do the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition shape Earth?
 

 25. 
Critical Thinking  Perhaps the most important agent of change on Earth is running water. During your lifetime, you can observe running water flowing over rock but not see any changes. Why?
 

 26. 
Thinking Like a Scientist  Every year for the past five years you planted the same types of plants in your vegetable garden.  Last year your plants did not grow as well as they had in years past.  What could you do differently this year to improve your garden?
 

 27. 
Rivers can overflow their banks and cause flooding in the surrounding flood plain.This can cause hardships to the local residents. How can flooding help the ecosystem?.
 



 
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