Sister Ann Lavelle

Exploration and Colonization

An Era of Exploration

…identify the impact of Columbus’s voyage, describe how Spanish explorers found a route across the Pacific Ocean, and explain how exploration set off a global exchange of goods and services.

Read and discuss pp. 68 – 72

Activities – Discuss the Columbian Exchange and make a graphic organizer using Inspiration

Unitedstreaming

The Explorers: Christopher Columbus: Voyager to a New World

http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=DDA2B765-C6EC-4DBC-A554-EC13C7DEC195

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Mapmaker’s Toolkit, Inspiration

Questions

Which Viking sailor in 1001 reached the northern tip of North America? ***
What was the name of the Viking settlement in present-day Newfoundland called?
Name 3 ways that historians believe Asians arrived in the Americas? ***
Who financed Christopher Columbus’s voyage to the New World? ***
Name Christopher Columbus’s three ships? ***
What land did Columbus think that he discovered?
What land did Columbus really discover?
What gifts did Columbus bring back to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?
What is a colony?
Was Columbus considered a good governor?
What lasting impact did Columbus’s voyage have for the Europeans, and the Indians? ***
This man claimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain. ***
This man’s crew was the first to circumnavigate the world. ***
What happened to Ferdinand Magellan that he was unable to circumnavigate the world with his crew? ***
What was the Columbian Exchange? ***
Explain European influences on the Americas. Include animals, plants etc. ***
What tragedy took place due to Europeans coming to the Americas?
How did Native Americans influence others around the world?

Spain Builds an Empire

…describe how conquistador’s defeated two Indian empires, name the areas the Spanish explored, explain how Spain settled its colonies, and summarize what life was like for Native Americans under Spanish rule.

Read and discuss pp. 74 – 80

Spanish Explorers/ Spanish Settlements map p. 76, Spain in the Americas p. 77, Atlantic Slave Trade p. 79

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Questions

The rulers of Spain gave conquistadors permission to establish settlements in the Americas in return for this?
Who was the Aztec emperor? ***
Why did Moctezuma welcome Cortes? ***
What was the Aztec capital? ***
Explain what happened between Cortes and Moctezuma? ***
Who was the Incan emperor?
By 1535 who controlled much of the Incan Empire? ***
How were the Spanish able to conquer two great empires with only a handful of soldiers? ***
What were the Spanish Borderlands?
This man explored Florida and other parts of the Southeast from 1539 – 1542.
This man heard legends abut the “seven cities of gold and traveled through Arizona and New Mexico.
Why did the Spanish take away the Conquistadors authority to rule?
In 1535 the American lands were divided by Spain into these two lands.
Name the three types of settlements in New Spain provided for in The Laws of the Indies. ***
Describe a pueblo.***
Describe a presidios.***
What is a mission? ***
Where could missions be found by the late 1700s?
People in Spanish colonies were divided into four social classes. Name them.
Describe the peninsulares. ***
Describe the creoles. ***
Describe the mestizos. ***
Describe the Indians.
What is an encomiendas?
Why was there a demand for African Slaves in the Americas? ***
What is a plantation? ***

Colonizing North America

…explain why European powers sought a new route to Asia, identify how the Protestant reformation affected rivalries among European nations, and describe how a rivalry developed between New France and New Netherland.

Read and discuss pp. 81 – 86

Activities

Compare and contrast New France and New Netherland creating a graphic organizer.

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Questions

What did European look for throughout the 1500s? ***
He thought he found the Northwest Passage but really discovered Newfoundland, Canada’s easternmost province. ***
What is the Northwest Passage? ***
He was an Italian captain who journeyed along the North American coast from the Carolinas to Canada? ***
He traveled halfway up the St. Lawrence River for the French. ***
He sailed on the Half Moon, in 1609, and the river he sailed on is named after him. ***
What was the only church in Europe until the 1500s? ***
In 1517, a German monk challenged many practices of the Catholic Church. ***
What were Luther’s disagreements with the Catholic Church? ***
What is the Protestant Reformation? ***
What type of rivalries existed in the Americas?
How did religious differences affect the race for American colonies?
He founded Port Royal, the first permanent French settlement in North America, in 1605.
He built a trading post known as Quebec?
Instead of gold or silver what did the French profit from in the Americas?
Who are the Coureurs de bois?
What did the French and Indians trade with one another? ***
How did the Coureurs de bois establish friendly relations with the Indians?
What river is referred to as the “Father of the Waters.” ***
Who were Marquette and Joliet? ***
Name two forts built by the French. ***
Who bought Manhattan Island from local Indians? ***
Peter Minuit’s new settlement was called? The entire colony was called? ***
Who were rivals in the fur trade?
What is an alliance? ***
Which group of Indians did the Dutch make friends with?
Which group of Indians did the French make friends with?
What customs did the Dutch bring with them to North America? ***
What impact did Europeans have on Native Americans? Name at least 5 effects. ***

Building the Jamestown Colony

…identify challenges faced by the first English Colonies, describe how Virginia began a tradition of representative government, and name the groups of people who made up the new arrivals in Virginia after 1619.

Read and discuss pp. 87 – 91

Activities

Students write a newspaper article about the Jamestown Colony

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Questions

Who received Queen Elizabeth’s permission, to begin a colony in North America? Where was the new colony?
Who was John White and what did he do?
What did the Virginia Company of London receive from King James I? ***
What is a charter? ***
What was the name of the English colony founded in Virginia in 1607? ***
Explain the problems faced by the Jamestown colonists? ***
How did John Smith help the colony? ***
Who is Powhatan? ***
Who did John Rolfe marry? ***
What became Jamestown’s profitable crop? ***
What did King James think about smoking?
What type of reforms took place in 1619 in order to attract more settlers?
Who are burgesses? ***
What is the House of Burgesses? ***
What marked the beginning of representative government in the English Colonies? ***
What is representative government? ***
Where did the idea that people had political rights come from? ***
What is the Magna Carta? ***
Who signed the Magna Carta? ***
What did the Magna Carta say? ***
How was Parliament divided? ***
Who was able to vote in Virginia?

Seeking Religious Freedom

…describe how European states controlled or regulated religion, explain why the colonists at Plymouth wanted the Mayflower Compact, and identify how the Pilgrims survived early hardships.

Read and discuss pp. 93 – 97

Activities

Review the Primary Source – The Mayflower Compact p. 94

Virtual Fieldtrip – Plymouth Plantation

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Questions

Why did European rulers believe that they could not maintain order without the state supporting a specific religion?

What is the established church?

What is persecution?

What is another name for Separatists? ***

Why did the Separatists, or Pilgrims, want to leave England? ***

When the Separatist left England they went to this place?

Why did the Separatists return to England?

Who received a charter to establish a colony in Virginia?

What was the name of the ship that the Pilgrim’s came on? ***

What did the Pilgrims call their new colony in Massachusetts?

What did the Pilgrims do before they left the ship?

Describe the Mayflower Compact. ***

Why did the Pilgrims come to North America? ***

What is a precedent? ***

Describe the first winter in Plymouth? ***

Who was Squanto? ***

What did Squanto teach the Pilgrims to do? ***

The Thirteen English Colonies

The New England Colonies

…list the reasons the Puritans decided to leave England, identify problems in the Massachusetts colony that caused people to leave, explain why the Puritans and Native Americans fought.

Read and discuss pp. 102 – 107

Activities

Map – The New England Colonies p. 103, make a chart of the Colony, date settled and reasons for settlement

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Questions

The migration to Massachusetts Bay during the 1630s was led by a religious group known as the
What was the difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans? ***
Why were the Puritans considered a powerful group in England?
King Charles I disapproved of the Puritans. How did he show his disapproval?
Some Puritan leaders felt that England had fallen on “evil and declining times.” What action did they take to remedy this problem?
Who was John Winthrop?
Not all Massachusetts colonists came for religious reasons. What were other reasons colonists came to Massachusetts? ***
Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
How did John Winthrop set an example for others?
Why was there discontent among the settlers?
How did Puritan leaders keep non-Puritan leaders out of the government?
What was the General Court?
What was the Great Migration? ***
The Puritan leaders did not like anyone to question their religious beliefs or the way the colony was governed. What happened to people who disagreed?
What did the Puritan Minister Thomas Hooker do? ***
What was the name of the town that Thomas Hooker settled? ***
What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? ***
How did the Fundamental Orders expand the idea of representative government in the English Colonies? ***
How did Roger Williams differ with the Puritan church in Massachusetts?
What is religious tolerance?
Roger Williams feared being sent back to England so he fled to an area that later became this colony?
Name the religious groups that could worship in Rhode Island?
Why did the General Court order Anne Hutchinson out of Massachusetts? ***
Why did Anne Hutchinson become an important symbol of the struggle for religious freedom?
In 1680, the king made coastal lands in New England into this colony.
Who was Metacom?
What type of relationship existed between the Indians and the English settlers?
What belief of the Puritans led to tightly knit towns and villages? ***
Describe a Puritan town? ***
Describe the Puritans views of religion and family? ***
What is a town meeting? ***
Describe Puritan government? ***
Describe New England economy? ***
Why did the Puritans decline in New England? ***

The Middle Colonies

…explain why the colony of New Netherland became the colony of New York, identify why New Jersey separated from New York, describe how Pennsylvania was founded, and summarize life in the Middle Colonies.

Read and discuss pp. 108 – 112

Activities

Students create a graphic organizer about the Middle Colonies

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Questions

Who set up the colony of New Netherland along the Hudson River? ***
What was the name of New Netherland’s thriving port? ***
What is a patroon?
Why did Dutch officials grant large parcels of land to a few rich families?
In return for a land grant what did patroons promise to do?
Which church did most Dutch belong to?
Were other religions besides the Dutch Reformed able to worship freely in New Amsterdam?
In 1664 the rivalry between this country and the Dutch was at its height.
When the English warships entered New Amsterdam Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New Netherland swore to defend the city. Why did he have to surrender without firing a shot? ***
How did New Netherland become New York? ***
What colony was created from the land the Duke of York gave to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret? ***
What is a proprietary colony? ***
Where did people in New Jersey come from? ***
In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony? What is a royal colony? ***
Who founded Pennsylvania in 1681? ***
What religion was William Penn? ***
What do Quakers believe? ***
Explain Penn’s “holy experiment?” ***
Where did people in Pennsylvania come from? ***
Who were the Pennsylvania Dutch? ***
What Greek word means “brotherly love?” ***
The lower counties of Pennsylvania broke away and formed this colony? ***
How did the majority of people make their living in the Middle Colonies? ***
What is a cash crop? ***
What were the cash crops of the Middle Colonies? ***
Why were the Middle Colonies known as the Breadbasket Colonies? ***
What other type of work was done in the Middle Colonies?
Why were towns less important in the Middle Colonies than in the New England Colonies? ***
What became the center of government in the Middle Colonies?
What type of homes existed in the Middle Colonies?
What was the Backcountry?

The Southern Colonies
…explain Maryland’s religious beginnings, describe how the Carolinas and Georgia were founded, identify two ways of life that developed in the Southern Colonies, summarize slave trade growth in the 1700s.

Read and discuss pp. 113 – 119

Activities

Students create a graphic organizer about the causes of the founding of the Southern Colonies

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Questions

What was the Mason-Dixon Line? ***
Why did George Calvert found Maryland? ***
Who was Lord Baltimore? ***
How did Lord Baltimore attract settlers to Maryland? ***
What was the Act of Toleration?
Did the Act of Toleration apply to all people?
What was Bacon’s Rebellion? ***
How were the Carolina’s founded? ***
Describe North Carolina?
Describe South Carolina?
Name a profitable crop grown in swampy lowlands along the Carolina coast? ***
What is indigo? ***
Why did the colonist turn to African slaves?
Who was James Oglethorpe? ***
What is a debtor? ***
What was the reason for the founding of Georgia? ***
What were the two distinct ways of life that emerged as the Southern Colonies grew?
Virginia, Maryland, and parts of North Carolina became major producers of this crop?
Settlers in South Carolina and Georgia raised these two crops?
Colonist found that it was most profitable to raise these two crops on large plantations?
How many slaves usually worked on a southern plantation and what types of work did they do?
What was the area called along rivers and creeks of the coastal plain?
Was the tidewater good for farming?
Those who lived farther inland traded their goods with these two places?
Why were there few seaports in the Southern colonies? ***
Did most white people in the South own large plantations? ***
What was the Great House? Describe the house?
What was the role of the planters?
What was the role of the wife?
What role did enslaved African Americans play on the plantations?
What was the backcountry?
Why was the backcountry considered more democratic than the Tidewater?
Explain the differences between the people living in the backcountry and the people living in the Tidewater?
How did people in the backcountry help one another?
What was life like for African Americans in the 1600s? ***
What was life like for the African Americans by the 1700s? ***
How did African traders get their slaves to sell? ***
How did the transatlantic slave trade grow? ***
What was the Middle Passage? ***
Explain conditions on the slave ships coming to America?
What happened to the rights of slaves as their importance to the economy increased? ***
What were slave codes? ***
What is racism? ***
Who was the first group to speak out against the evils of slavery? In what year? ***

Roots of Self-Government

… summarize why England wanted to regulate colonial trade, describe colonial governments, explain how the liberties of the colonists were limited.

Read and discuss pp. 120 – 123

Make a graphic organizer on England regulating colonial trade, the triangular trade and colonial government.

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Questions

What did England believe about colonies?
What is mercantilism? ***
What did mercantilist believe about exports?
What are exports? ***
What are imports? ***
What were the Navigation Acts? ***
Describe in detail the Navigation Acts? ***
Why did many colonists resent the Navigation Acts? ***
Who dominated colonial trade? ***
Who is a Yankee? ***
What is the triangular trade? ***
Describe the triangular trade in detail? ***
Why did many New England merchants disobey the Navigation Acts? ***
What were some common elements among colonial governments? ***
What is a legislature? ***
What is the difference between the upper house and the lower house?
Who had the right to vote in the colonies?
Explain the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
Who were William and Mary?
What is a bill of rights? ***
What was the English Bill of Rights? ***
What type of rights existed in the colonies?
Which groups of people did not receive rights?

Life in the Colonies

…list the class differences that existed in colonial society, summarize how the Great Awakening affected the colonies, describe education for colonial children, and explain how the colonies were affected by the spread of new ideas.

Read and discuss pp. 125 – 130

Activities

Create a graphic organizer about the social classes, the Great Awakening and Education in the Colonies.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Mapmaker’s Toolkit, Inspiration

Questions

Did a class system exist in the colonies?
Who were the gentry? Who did this include?
Who was part of the middle class?
Who are indentured servants? ***
What happened at the end of the indentured servant’s term of service? ***
What types of work did women do in the colonies? In the back country? In the cities?
On rice plantations in South Carolina, slaves saw few white colonists. How did that affect African customs?
What types of work did African Americans do in South Carolina port towns?
Did African customs survive in Virginia and Maryland? Explain.
What happened to the African American population in the Middle and New England colonies?
What was the name of the religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s? ***
What was the name of the preacher, who helped to set off the Great Awakening? ***
What did John Edwards teach? ***
Who was George Whitefield?
How did the Great Awakening force colonists to become more tolerant of one another? ***
How did the Great Awakening contribute to a spirit of democratic feelings in the colonies? ***
Among all the colonists, who were the most concerned about education?
What did Puritans believe about the bible? ***
In 1642, the Massachusetts assembly passed a law ordering parents to teach children “to read and understand the principles of their religion.” What did towns of 50 or 100 children have to do? ***
Who set up the first public schools supported by taxes? ***
Describe the first New England school? ***

Crisis in the Colonies

The French and Indian War

…explain why war began in North America, describe how mistakes led to British defeats early in the war, identify what turned the tide of war in Britain’s favor, and explain how British troops defeated French troops.

Read and discuss pp. 140 – 145

Activities –

Create a PowerPoint on the French and Indian War, the Albany of Congress and the Treaty of Paris.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Mapmaker’s Toolkit, PowerPoint

Questions

Name the major European powers that were locked in power for territory?
Describe the territory claimed by the French?
How did the French protect their land claims from the English?
In the 1740s where did the English go that angered the French?
Which Indian tribes helped the French?
Which Indian tribe helped the English?
Describe the young George Washington?
What assignment was George Washington given?
What is Fort Necessity?
Describe Ben Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union?
What marked the end of the French and Indian War?
Describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris?

Turmoil over Taxation

…describe how Britain tried to ease growing tensions on the American frontier, List the ways colonists reacted to new taxes imposed by Parliament, identify new colonial leaders, and explain the events that led to the Boston Massacre.

Read and discuss pp. 146 – 153

Activities

Students create PowerPoint with the Proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, and Boston Massacre

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Mapmaker’s Toolkit, PowerPoint

Questions

Explain the Proclamation of 1763. ***
Who was George Grenville?
Describe the Sugar Act. ***
Describe the Stamp Act***
What was the reaction of the colonists to the Stamp Act? ***
What is meant by “No Taxation without Representation?” ***
What was the Stamp Act Congress?
What is a petition? ***
What is a boycott? ***
What does repealed mean? ***
What happened between George Grenville and Charles Townshend?
Describe the Towshend Acts. ***
What were the Writs of Assistance?
How did the Colonists respond to the Townshend?
Who were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty? ***
Who was Samuel Adams?
Who was John Adams? ***
Who was Patrick Henry? ***
What was the Quartering Act? ***
Describe the Boston Massacre? ***
What was the committee of correspondence? ***
Why did a temporary calm come over the colonists?

From Protest to Revolution

…explain how a dispute over tea led to tension between the colonists and Britain, describe how Parliament struck back at Boston, and identify the reasons fighting broke out at Lexington and Concord.

Read and discuss pp. 155 – 160

Activities

Students add Tea Act, Intolerable Acts, and Quebec Act, Battles of Lexington and Concord to the PowerPoint, write a newspaper article explaining the Boston Tea Party.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Mapmaker’s Toolkit, PowerPoint

What was a very popular drink in the colonies? ***
Where was most of the tea bought from in the colonies?
Describe how selling tea worked in the colonies?
Why did colonists refuse to buy English tea?
Describe the Tea Act? Why did the English think it was going to work?
What did the Colonists serve instead of tea from the British East India Company?
Describe the Boston Tea Party? ***
What was the reaction of the Colonists to the Boston Tea Party? ***
What was Britain’s response to the Boston Tea Party? ***
Explain the Intolerable Acts?
What was the Quebec Act?
Why did the Quebec Act anger some colonists?
What happened in Philadelphia, September 1774?
Who did not come to the First Continental Congress?
What did the delegates of the First Continental Congress agree to?
What is a militia?
Who were prepared to fight at a minute’s notice? ***
What report did General Thomas Gage, the British commander receive from his men in the early part of 1775?
What was Gage’s plan of action?
What was the goal of the 700 British troops that left Boston on April 18, 1775?
What was the reaction of the colonists?
What role did the Old North Church play in this event?
What did Paul Revere do? ***
What took place at Lexington? ***
Who fired the first shot at Lexington?
Did the British find any arms at Concord? ***
What took place on a bridge outside of Concord?
Sixty years after the battles of Lexington and Concord what American poet wrote the Concord Hymn? ***

The American Revolution

…describe how Congress struggled between peace and war with Britain, describe the impact of Common Sense, summarize the main ideas of the Declaration, explain how the Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the war, and list the terms of the Treaty of Paris.

Read and discuss pp. 168 – 195

Activities

Students create PowerPoint on the American Revolution.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Mapmaker’s Toolkit, PowerPoint

Describe the Olive Branch Petition. ***
Who were the Green Mountain Boys?
Who was appointed leader of the Continental Army? ***
Who is a Patriot? ***
Who is a Loyalist? ***
What was the first major battle of the American Revolution? ***
What is a blockade?
Who are mercenaries?
What is the name of the pamphlet that had considerable influence on the thinking of the colonists? ***
Who wrote Common Sense? ***
Who introduced to the members of the Continental Congress a resolution in favor of independence? ***
Who is a traitor?
Who was the president of the Continental Congress?
What is the introduction to the declaration of independence called? ***
What does the first section of the Declaration of Independence stress? ***
According to the Declaration of Independence why do people form governments?
What is the second part of the Declaration of Independence about? ***
What is the third part of the Declaration of Independence about? ***
Describe the Battle of Trenton. ***
What was a major turning point in the American Revolution? ***
Who was General Howe?
Who was General Burgoyne?
What is an ally?
What convinced France to become an ally of the United States?
Who was the Marquis de Lafayette? Describe his role in the American Revolution. ***
Describe life for George Washington and his troops at Valley Forge.
Who was Molly Pitcher? ***
Who was John Paul Jones? ***
Who was Benedict Arnold? ***
What is a siege?
Describe the Battle of Yorktown. ***
Describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris ending the Revolutionary War?
Explain the reasons the Americans won the War of Independence. ***
Where did Washington bid farewell to his troops?

Creating a Republic

A Loose confederation

…explain why state governments wrote constitutions, list the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, describe the process the Articles created for admitting new states and explain why many Americans called for changes in the Articles.

Read and discuss pp. 200 -204

Activities

Students make a chart of the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, PowerPoint

Questions

What is a constitution? ***
Give two reasons why states wrote constitutions.
What is a bill of rights? ***
Did Virginia have a bill of rights? If yes, what types of rights did it ensure?
Who had the right to vote in the states?
Why were Americans having difficulty writing a constitution that all people would approve?
What was the name of the first constitution of United States? In what year? ***
How many votes did each state have under the constitution?
What could congress do under the Articles of Confederation? ***
What did the Congress not have the power to do under the Articles of Confederation? ***
How were laws enforced under the Articles of Confederation? ***
Was there a system of courts under the Articles of Confederation? ***
Why was there a dispute over western lands? ***
What does cede mean? ***
Who recognized the need for a strong central government?
What happened when Virginia gave up its claims to land in the west?
Which two states claimed Vermont? ***
What type of money problems did the United States face? ***
What is a continental dollar? ***
How did foreign nations take advantage of the Confederation’s weakness?
What was the Land Ordinance of 1785? ***
What was the Northwest Ordinance? ***
What provided a way to admit new states into the Union?
What new states were created from the Northwest Territory?
What was the finest achievement of the national government under the Articles of Confederation? ***
What is a depression? ***
How did the depression affect farmers? ***
What was Shay’s Rebellion? ***
What was proof for Americans that the Articles of Confederation didn’t work? ***
Why was a meeting called in Philadelphia in May, 1787? ***

The Constitutional Convention

…identify the leaders of the Constitutional Convention, explain the main difference between the two rival plans for the new constitution, and describe the compromises the delegates had to reach before the Constitution could be signed.

Read and discuss pp. 206 – 210

Activities

Create a PowerPoint include the Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, the Great Compromise, Three-fifths Compromise, and the slave trade, signing the Constitution.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, PowerPoint

Questions

When was the Constitutional Convention opened?
What was the goal of the Constitutional Convention? ***
Were any of the 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention also part of those who signed the Declaration of Independence?
Who was elected president of the Constitutional Convention? ***
What did Alexander Hamilton think about the Articles of Confederation?
Why was James Madison considered the best-prepared delegate to the Constitutional Convention?
Who is often called the “Father of the Constitution?” ***
Why did the delegates to the convention decide to keep their debates secret? ***
Instead of revising the Articles of Confederation what did the delegates decide to do? ***
Describe the Virginia Plan? ***
Describe the New Jersey Plan? ***
What is a compromise? ***
What was the Great Compromise? ***
Who was the author of the Great Compromise? ***
Why did the Northern and Southern States have to compromise? ***
What was the Three-Fifths Compromise? ***
Describe the disagreement over the slave trade. ***
Name some of the difficulties facing the members of the Constitutional Convention? ***
When was the Constitution signed? ***
What are the opening words of the Constitution? ***
Did all the members of the Constitutional Convention sign the Constitution?
When would the new Constitution go into effect?

Ideas Behind the Constitution

…explain why American leaders learned from studying ancient Rome, identify the traditions of freedom that Americans inherited from Great Britain and from their own colonial past, and explain how Enlightenment ideas shaped the development of the Constitution.

Read and discuss pp. 211 – 214

Activities

Students continue PowerPoint including Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, John Locke, baron de Montesquieu.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, PowerPoint

Questions

Who were the Founding Fathers?
What is a republic? ***
What two countries did the Americans look to when thinking about forming a new government?
What qualities did Americans see in the ancient Romans? ***
What did ancient Rome teach the Founding Fathers about the Republic? ***
How can a republic die from within?
Besides Greece and Rome which other country did the Americans look to for guidance in forming a new republic? ***
What was the Magna Carta? ***
What two ideas from the Magna Carta helped shape British and American Government? ***
What did the Magna Carta say about nobles?
What was the English Bill of Rights? ***
What is habeas corpus?
Which colony set up the House of Burgesses, a type of representative government? ***
Name the first document of self government in North America?
What type of abuses did the framers of the Constitution seek to avoid?
What experiences did the framers of the Constitution have that helped shape the new Constitution?
What affect did the Enlightenment thinkers have on the Constitution? ***
Who wrote Two Treatises of Government in 1690? ***
What two ideas were in John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government?
The French Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu wrote the book The Spirit of the Laws in 1748. How did he think the government should be divided? ***
Who called the new Constitution “the greatest single effort of national deliberation that the world has ever seen? ***

Ratification and the Bill of Rights

…list the key issues in the constitutional debate, explain how the Constitution was finally ratified, and describe how the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.

Read and discuss pp. 215 - 218

Activities

Students debate the Federalists and antifederalists positions

Questions

What was George Washington’s thoughts about the Constitution?
How many states had to ratify the Constitution before it could go into effect?
People who supported the Constitution were called?
People who opposed the Constitution were called?
Who wrote the Federalist Papers?
What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
What was the reasoning the antifederalist opposed the Constitution?
What was the chief objection of Antifederalists to the Constitution?
Who was George Mason and what did he believe?
Which state was the first to approve the Constitution?
Why did Virginia agree to ratify the Constitution?
Who became the first President and Vice President of the United States?
Where was the nation’s first capital?
What does it mean to amend the Constitution?
What is the Bill of Rights?
What did James Madison believe about the Bill of Rights?

Government, Citizenship, and the Constitution

Goals and Principles of the Constitution

…explain how the Preamble defines the basic goals of the Constitution, identify the framework of government established by the Constitution, and name the seven basic principles of American government.

Read and discuss pp. 248 – 251

Activities

Create a graphic organizer of the goals of the Constitution and the seven basic principles of the constitution.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, PowerPoint

Questions

The Constitution is divided into three main parts. Name the three parts.
Name the six goals of the preamble. What does each one mean?
The main body of the Constitution is a short document, divided into seven sections called?
What does each article of the Constitution address?
What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution known as?
When did the Bill of Rights go into effect?
What are the 7 basic principles of the Constitution? What does each one mean?

Activities

Read and do the questions in Quizlet. 20 points
Create chart on the 6 goals of the Constitution. 20 points
Create chart on the 7 Principles of the Constitution. 20 points
Which of the goals set out in the Preamble do you think is most important? Write a paragraph explaining why. 10 points
Look at the chart on p. 250 and decide what you think is the most important check Congress has on the President? Why? 10 points
Go to page 235 and copy the graphic organizer. Which 3 powers delegated to the National Government do you think are the most important? Which 3 powers delegated to the States do you think are the most important? 20 points

How the Federal Government Works

…list the powers of the legislative branch, identify the roles the President fills as head of the executive branch, describe how the judicial branch is organized and explain how branch of government can check the powers of the others.

Read pp. 252 – 257

Activities

Make a graphic organizer to depict the branches of government and and the responsibilities of each branch.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Inspiration

Questions

Congress is made up of 2 bodies. Name them.
How many members are in the House of Representatives?
How is the number of representatives determined for each state? What is their term of office?
What is the leader of the House called?
What is the job of the Speaker of the House?
How many Senators are from each state? What is their term of office?
What is the 17th Amendment?
What job does the Vice President have over the Senate?
Who takes the Vice President’s job if he is absent?
What is the most important power of Congress?
What is a bill?
How does a bill become a law?
What is the elastic clause?
What is a standing committee?
What is a joint committee?
Who is part of the executive branch of government?
What does the President do?
Who is the Commander in Chief of the armed forces?
Who has the power to declare War?
How long is a presidential term?
What is the Twenty-second Amendment?
What is the Electoral College?
Explain how the Electoral College works?
Where do most federal cases begin?
What is an appeal?
What is the next level of courts after the district courts?
What does the appellate court do?
What court is at the top of the American judicial system?
How are decisions made at the Supreme Court?
What is the greatest power of the Supreme Court?
What does unconstitutional mean?
Explain the system of Checks and Balances?
What does veto mean?
What does override mean?
What does impeach mean?
Which presidents have been impeached?
Were these impeached presidents convicted?

Changing the Constitution

…describe how to amend the Constitution, name the rights that the Bill of Rights protects, and explain how later amendments expanded democratic rights.

Read and discuss pp. 259 – 261

Activities

Methods of amending the Constitution p. 260 Graphic Organizer, Create PowerPoint of Bill of Rights

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, PowerPoint

Questions

How many ways are there to propose an amendment? Explain the ways.
How is an amendment ratified? Explain the ways.
What is the Bill of Rights?
What does the First Amendment protect?
Is there a limit on free speech?
What is the Second Amendment?
What is Third Amendment?
What is the Fourth Amendment?
What is the Fifth Amendment?
What is the Sixth Amendment?
What is the Seventh Amendment?
What is the Eighth Amendment?
What is the Ninth Amendment?
What is the Tenth Amendment?
What are the Civil War Amendments?
What is the Nineteenth Amendment?
What is the Twenty-Six Amendment?

State and Local Governments

Compare state constitutions to the national Constitution, summarize the services that state governments provide, describe how local governments affect our daily lives.

Read and discuss pp. 262 – 264

Activities

Create Venn diagram depicting key services provided by state and local governments.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Word

Questions

How are state constitutions like the United States Constitution?
What is constitutional initiative?
Name the various services provided by the state?
What is infrastructure?
What is local government?
How do local governments support education?
What services do local governments provide?

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

…Explain hat makes a person a citizen of the United States, identify how Americans can develop democratic values, and describe the responsibilities of citizenship.

Read and discuss pp. 265 – 268

Activities

Students list the rights and responsibilities of a citizen of the United States.

Computer, Projector, SMART Board, Word.

Questions

What is a citizen?
What are the requirements to being a citizen?
What does naturalized mean?
What is an immigrant?
What is a resident alien?
What is civic virtue?
Name values of a good citizen?
What is patriotism?
What types of responsibilities do citizens have?

Launching the New Government

Washington Takes Office

…describe the steps Washington took to make the new government work, explain Hamilton’s plan to reduce the nation’s debt and build the economy, list the causes and results of the Whiskey Rebellion.

Read and discuss pp. 278 – 282

Activities

When and where was George Washington inaugurated President of the United States?
What does inauguration mean?
What is a precedent?
What were the first five cabinet positions?
What is a cabinet?
What was the Judiciary Act?
Who was the first Chief Justice of the United States?
What is the highest court in the land?
Who was Secretary of the Treasury?
What is the national debt?
What is a bond?
What was Hamilton’s Plan for reducing the National Debt?
Who opposed Hamilton’s Plan? Why?
What is a speculator?
How did the South feel about paying off state’s debts?
What compromise did Hamilton offer the South?
Where was the new capital of the United States?
Who called on Congress to set up a national bank?
What type of money was deposited into the bank? What was the money used for?
What is a tariff?
Why did Hamilton ask Congress to pass a tariff?
How did the North and the South feel about the Tariff?
Why did Congress approve a tax on whiskey?
How did the backcountry farmers react to the whiskey tax?
What was President Washington response to the Whiskey Rebellion?
What did President George Washington’s handling of the Whiskey Rebellion prove to the nation?

Creating a Foreign Policy

…describe American opinions of the French Revolution, explain why Washington wanted the nation to remain neutral in foreign affairs, and describe why it was difficult for the United States to remain neutral.

Read and discuss pp. 284 – 286

Activities

Questions

Why did the French reble against their king, Louis XVI?
Why did the Americans support the French Revolution?
Why did some Americans change their support for the French Revolution?
What did Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and John Adams think about the French Revolution?
What is foreign policy?
What does neutral mean?
Describe Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation?
Why did Thomas Jefferson leave Washington’s cabinet?
Explain Jay’s Treaty?
What was Washington’s advice in his Farewell Address?

Political Parties Emerge

…explain why many Americans distrusted the idea of political parties, contrast the views of Hamilton and Jefferson, explain why political parties developed and describe how the election of 1796 increased political tensions.

Read and discuss pp. 287 – 290

Activities

Questions

Why were Americans afraid of Political Parties?
Factions grew up around two members of Washington’s Cabinet. Name them.
What were Hamilton and Jefferson’s position on manufacturing and farming?
What were Hamilton and Jefferson’s position on Federal and State power?
What were Hamilton and Jefferson’s position on the Bank of the United States?
What does unconstitutional mean?
What were Hamilton and Jefferson’s position on Britain and France?
What were Jefferson’s supporters called?
What were Hamilton’s supporters called?
What role did newspapers play in political parties?
What was the unexpected outcome of the election of 1796?

The Second President

…summarize how John Adams handled the conflict with France, explain why the Federalist party split, and describe how the Alien and Sedition acts raised the issue of the rights of states, and identify the role Congress played in the election of 1800.

Read and discuss pp. 291 – 294

Questions

Explain the XYZ Affair.
John Adams refused to go to war with France and instead did this to help convince France to stop attacking American ships.
Why was there a split in the Federalist Party?
Why did Napoleon Bonaparte not want to go to war with the United States?
What did Napoleon Bonaparte do to avoid going to war with the United States?
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts? Explain each one.
What does nullify mean?
What did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolution say?
What happened in the election of 1800?
In the end who chose the President in the election of 1800?
What is the 12^th Amendment?
What important precedent was set in the election of 1800?

The Age of Jefferson

A Republican Takes Office

…describe Jefferson’s democratic style as president, list the actions Jefferson took to reduce the power of the federal government and explain how Chief Justice John Marshall strengthened the Supreme Court.

Read and discuss pp. 302 – 305

Activities

Questions

What was Jefferson determined to do to the government?
What does Democratic mean?
How did Jefferson try to calm the Federalists?
What did Jefferson believe the Federalists did to the government?
What did Jefferson want to do about the federal budget?
What does laissez faire mean?
What is a free market?
What did laissez faire economists believe about the government?
What specific things did Jefferson do to reduce the government?
Who did Jefferson appoint to the Supreme Court?
When did Adams make the appointment of William Marbury?
What was Jefferson’s reaction to Adam’s appointing William Marbury to the Supreme Court?
What was Marbury’s reaction to Madison?
What new precedent was set in the Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison?
What is judicial review?
What did Thomas Jefferson think about judicial review?

The Louisiana Purchase

…explain why control of the Mississippi River was important to the united States, describe how the United States purchased Louisiana, list the results of explorations of Lewis and Clark and Zebulon Pike.

Read and discuss pp. 306 – 310

Activities

Questions

What was the Pinckney Treaty?
Why was President Jefferson alarmed in 1800 over Spain giving Louisiana back to France?
Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?
What island country declared its independence in 1804?
Who did Jefferson send to negotiate the buying of the Port of New Orleans?
What surprise offer did the French offer the Americans?
How much money did the United States spend for Louisiana?
What was Jefferson concern about the Constitution in the purchasing of Louisiana?
What happened to the size of the United State with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803?
Who did Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana territory in 1803?
What is an expedition?
About how many people accompanied Lewis and Clark on their expedition?
What type of gifts did Lewis and Clark bring with them?
Who was Sacagawea?
What is the Continental Divide?
Where is the Continental Divide in North America?
After reaching the Pacific Ocean how long did it take Lewis and Clark to return to St. Louis?
Who is Zebulon Pike and what is named in his honor?

New Threats From Overseas

…list the benefits and risks of overseas trade, describe how the British and French violated the neutrality of American ships, and explain why Jefferson decided to impose an embargo.

Read and discuss pp. 312 – 313

Activities

Questions

What did New England trade with India?
What are the Barbary States?
What is tribute?
Why did Tripoli declare war on the United States?
How was the war with Tripoli resolved?
Who violated American neutrality?
What is impressments?
What is an embargo?
What was the Embargo Act?
What was the goal of the Embargo Act?
Why did the Embargo Act fail?
What is smuggling?
What is the Nonintercourse Act?

The Road to War

…explain why conflicts between white settlers and Native Americans increased during the early 1800s, identify the goal of Tecumeh’s Native American confederation, and describe why the War hawks pushed for war against Britain.

Read and discuss pp. 316 – 319

Activities

Questions

Who were Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa?
What did Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa teach?
What did Tecumseh try to organize?
What is a confederation?
Why couldn’t Tecumseh unite all the Native Americans?
What was the Battle of Tippencanoe?
Who are the War Hawks?
What is nationalism?
Who was the most outspoken War Hawk?
List three reasons why the War Hawks wanted congress to declare war on Britain?
What happened in June of 1812?

The War of 1812

…describe how the United States was not ready for war, list the success Americans had in the West, describe the progression of the final battles of the war, and explain why New Englanders protested the war.

Read and discuss pp. 320 – 325

Activities

Questions

How was the United States unprepared for War?
Explain the battle involving the USS Constitution?
What was one goal of the War Hawks concerning Canada?
Describe the Battle of Lake Erie?
Who wrote “We have met the enemy and they are ours.”
What did Dolly Madison take with her as she fled the White House?
What was the key to Baltimore’s defense?
Who is Francis Scott Key and what did he write?
Who became a hero in the Battle of New Orleans?
Why did New Englanders prostest against the War of 1812 or as they called it “Mr. Madison’s War.”
What was the Hartford Convention?
What was the Treaty of Ghent?

The Nation Grows and Prospers

The Industrial Revolution

…identify the Industrial Revolution and explain its effects on the United States, explain why Lowell, Massachusetts was called a model factory town, describe life in early factories, and summarize the impact the Industrial Revolution had on American cities.

Read and Discuss pp. 330 – 336

Activities

Questions

What occupation did most Americans have before 1800?
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
What is a spinning jenny?
Why did large mills need to near rivers?
What is capital?
What is a capitalist?
What did the factory system do?
Who is Samuel Slater and what did he do?
Who was Moses Brown?
What happened in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1793?
What did Eli Whitney do for gunsmiths?
What are interchangeable parts?
Who was Francis Cabot Lowell?
Why was Lowell, Massachusetts considered a Model Factory Town?
Who were Lowell girls?
Why did mill owners hire women and children?
How young were children who worked in a mill? Why were they useful in textile mills?
Why type of hours did the mill workers work compared to the farmers?
What type of impact did the Industrial Revolution have on home life?
Where did many people move during the Industrial Revolution?
What is urbanization?
What were some of the hazards of cities?
What were some of the attractions of cities?

Americans Move Westward

…describe how settlers traveled west, list the steps Americans took to improve their roads, and explain how steamboats and canals improved transportation for Americans.

Read and discuss pp. 337 – 341

Activities

Questions

Name a well traveled path through Pennsylvania?
Where did the Wilderness Road lead?
What is a flatboat?
Which states joined the Union between 1792 and 1819?
Why were toll roads called turnpikes?
Why was the Lancaster Turnpike between Philadelphia and Lancaster considered the best in the nation?
What were corduroy roads?
Name the road from Maryland to Illinois.
Name Fulton’s Steamboat?
Where was the first run of the Clermont?
What is a canal?
Why did they build the Erie Canal?
Why was the Erie Canal considered an instant success?

Homework Grade 7