Ancient Greece Test December 1st and 2nd
The Roman World
Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic
Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borderschyap7Otl
Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire
Section 4: Roman Society and Culture
Section 5: The Rise of Christianity
Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire
Objectives:
Identify the role geography played in Italy’s and Rome’s development.
Describe the form of government of the Roman Republic.
Explain the Conflict of the Orders and how it changed the early Roman
Republic.
Compare and contrast the roles of citizens and noncitizens as Rome expanded
its power.
The Land: Its Geography and Importance
Protected by mountains, but separated from rest of Europe
Helped to control Mediterranean
Overland travel was easy, but vulnerable to enemy attacks
Rome and the Beginning of an Empire
The founding of Rome
A strategic location – protected from invasion by sea, center of trade routes
The Early Roman Republic
Senate – most influential and powerful body of
the government
Magistrates – elected officials
Assemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courts
The Conflict of the Orders
Patricians – wealthy landowners
Plebeians – farmers and workers
The Republic Grows
The role of the Roman army – well-trained, strict discipline
The role of wise policies
Conquered peoples were granted limited rights
Objectives:
Discuss the Punic Wars and how Rome gained control over Carthage.
Explain how expansion changed the Roman Republic.
Rome Fights Carthage
The First Punic War – lasted 23 years; Carthage was forced to give up Sicily
The Second Punic War – Hannibal was defeated by Scipio
The Third Punic War – Rome again defeated Carthage and became supreme power
in Mediterranean
The Problems of Expansion
Nobles gained more power
Wider gap between rich and poor
Objectives:
Identify the political events in Rome during the first century B.C. that
helped weaken the Roman Republic.
Explain how the reign of Julius Caesar served as a transition between the
Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.
Describe the events and conditions that marked the first two centuries of the
Roman Empire.
A Weakening Republic
The Social War – allies rebelled against Romans, were finally granted
citizenship
Caesar in Power
The First Triumvirate – Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey
The rule of Caesar – Caesar declared war on the republic and defeated Pompey,
but was killed in the Senate
The Roman Empire
The Second Triumvirate – Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus
Octavian: the first Augustus – “the revered one”
The Pax Romana emperors – Julio-Claudian Emperors, Army Emperors, Flavian
Emperors, The Five Good Emperors
Objectives:
Explain how the Romans built a strong and unified empire.
Describe the daily lives and occupations of Roman citizens.
Explain the role of science and the arts in the Roman Empire.
Building a Strong Empire
Government and laws – revised laws
Trade and transportation
The Roman Army
Life in the Empire
Daily life – running water and exotic food for rich, crowded apartments and
simple meals for most Romans
Slaves and slavery
The roles of men, women, and children – father held power, mother managed
household, education at home
Religion – state religion
Fun and games – theater, sports
Science and the Arts
Science, engineering, and architecture
Literature – Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Tacitus, Plutarch
Language – Latin is the parent of modern Romance languages
Objectives:
Describe how the conditions Jews faced in Judaea contributed to the rise of
Christianity.
Identify the difficulties early Christians experienced in the Roman Empire.
Explain the changes that helped establish Christianity and stabilize the
church during the late Roman Empire.
The Beginning of Christianity
Jews and the Roman Empire – Jews revolted and were banned from Jerusalem
The teachings of Jesus – grounded in Jewish traditions
The death of Jesus – resurrection
The Spread of Christianity
Christianity was for everyone
Martyrs were put to death for beliefs in Christianity
Roman law accepted Christianity as a religion
The Romans Adopt Christianity
Constantine supported Christianity
Bishops, patriarchs, pope
Objectives:
Identify the problems the Roman Empire had to deal with during the A.D. 200s.
Explain how the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine slowed the decline of
the empire.
List the factors that led to the final decline of the Roman Empire in the
West.
Troubled Times Arise
Rising inflation
Increasing insecurity
Two Able Emperors Attempt Reform
Diocletian – appointed a co-emperor and two caesars (assistants)
Constantine – supported Christianity
The Final Invasions
The Goths and the Vandals
The Huns
Results of the invasions – people were displaced, instability and destruction
abounded
Causes of the decline
Political and military weaknesses
Economic decline
Social change
