From: Subject: Europeans Explore & Colonize Date: Sat, 6 Sep 2008 20:15:34 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.gonzaga.org/teachers/hsanders/new/us%20outlines/Europeans%20Explore%20and%20Colonize.htm X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579 Europeans Explore & Colonize

Europeans Explore & Colonize

 

I.           = ;        =20 European Motives for Colonization

A.    =20 Mercantilism=97a set of ideas

1.     =20 wealth was measured in gold

2.     =20 there was a fixed amount of wealth in the world that was already=20 allotted: English, French, Indians...

3.     =20 if one person or society gets more, than someone else must=20 lose

4.     =20 the strong countries attack the weak countries

5.     =20 in order to profit and expand several components are needed: =

a.      =20 strong mother country capable of taking & holding colonies = with=20 military & naval support & capable of producing manufactured=20 goods

b.     =20 variety of colonies: some with tropical climates that could = produce stuff=20 that the mother country couldn't & temperate colonies to produce = extra raw=20 materials

c.      =20 slaves to work in these places that Europeans found difficult or = too=20 tedious

6.     =20 the ultimate aim was to produce extra stuff that could be sold to = other=20 weaker countries thereby bringing more gold to the mother country and of = course=20 impoverishing the other countries

7.     =20 THE NEEDS OF THE MOTHER COUNTRY WERE PARAMOUNT

B.    =20 Other motives

1.     =20 France & Spain wished to spread Catholicism

II.           = ;     =20 16th Century: Spanish Empire in America

A.    =20 Government

1.     =20 Spanish asserted rigid control

a. all=20 laws were enacted in Spain

2.     =20 Divided into large provinces=97viceroyalties; administered by a = viceroy=20 appointed by the king

a.      =20 enforced laws, collected taxes, controlled finances, responsible = for the=20 welfare of the Indians

b.     =20 the people had little voice in the government

B.    =20 Economy

1.     =20 Spain strictly supervised commercial life of the = colonies

2.     =20 Mining and agriculture encouraged, production of goods that would = compete=20 with Spanish manufacturers was strictly forbidden

3.     =20 Trade permitted only with mother country

C.    =20 Emigration to the colonies

1.     =20 Only Spanish Catholics permitted to emigrate to the = colonies

2.     =20 European-born Spaniards constituted the ruling upper = class

D.    =20 Treatment of the Indians=97coexist, convert, enslave

1.     =20 King ordered that Indians should be treated humanely=97generally=20 disobeyed

2.     =20 Catholic missionaries sought to protect & convert

3.     =20 Indians enslaved to work in mines and fields

E.     =20 Spain=92s legacy to America

1.     =20 Religion

a.      =20 1st to introduce Christianity to the New = World

b.     =20 converted 1000=92s of Indians to Catholicism

c.      =20 built churches & missions

2.     =20 Language

a.      =20 Spanish is official language in nearly all of Latin = America

b.     =20 numerous Spanish place-names in USA=97Florida, Nevada, Colorado, = Los=20 Angeles, San Francisco, El Paso, Rio Grande

c.      =20 Americans adopted many Spanish words=97ranch, rodeo, plaza, = patio, guitar,=20 tornado, canyon

3.     =20 Foods & Animals

a.=20 brought the following that were unknown to the New World: oranges, = lemons,=20 olives, plants, sugarcane, wheat, rice, horses, cattle, donkeys, pigs,=20 sheep

4.     =20 Education

III.           = ;   =20 France & North America=9717th century

A.    =20 Government

1.     =20 New France in North America was divided into 2 provinces=97Canada = &=20 Louisiana

2.     =20 Each was administered by a king appointed royal governor who = exercised=20 complete control

a. the=20 people had no voice

B.    =20 Economy

1.     =20 Landholding: similar to mother country

a.      =20 large estates granted to lords, who in turn rented small = farms

2.     =20 Fur trade with the Indians

 

C.    =20 Emigration

1.     =20 only French Catholics

2.     =20 because settlers could not own land, immigration was=20 discouraged

D.    =20 Treatment of the Indians

1.     =20 Unlike the English, the French did not clear forests, drive out = wildlife,=20 an take over Indian lands, therefore the French maintained better = relations with=20 the Indians.

2.     =20 Indians were trading partners

3.     =20 Missionaries followed the fur traders and attempted to convert = the=20 Indians

4.     =20 Only one major Indian group opposed the French=97the Iroquois = (they will=20 side with the British in the French & Indian War)

IV.           = ;  =20 England & North America

A.    =20 England rises to power

1.     =20 Elizabeth I launched a program of commercial and naval expansion = to=20 challenge Spain=92s supremacy (mid-16th century)

2.     =20 Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588); England gained control of = the=20 seas

B.    =20 Government

1.=20 colonists allowed wide latitude in establishing participatory = government=97laissez=20 faire

C.    =20 Economy

1.     =20 diversified, largely agricultural but colonists were permitted to = begin=20 minor industries (fishing, shipbuilding)

2.     =20 colonists were able to own their own land

D.    =20 Emigration

1.     =20 England encouraged settlement in the colonies:

a.      =20 they hoped the colonies would provide a market for its = manufactured=20 goods

b.     =20 Who came during the 17th & 18th C.=97the ones who formed our=20 institutions and values?

1.     =20 Colonists were part of a massive pattern of social migration = occurring=20 throughout Europe, responding to powerful social and economic = forces

a.      =20 rapid population growth

b.     =20  early stages of industrial     = revolution

c.      =20  religious turmoil in England.

d.     =20 movement from farms to villages & cities.

2.     =20 From England, Scotland, Germany, Ireland, Africa.

3.     =20  Over 1/2 were under 25, almost 1/2 were indentured servants = or=20 slaves,

4.     =20 During 18th C England transported 50,000 felons to N. America, = about 1/3=20 came w/families, most came alone

5.     =20 Very few were rich, more were poor, most were middle

1.     =20 Land-less and poverty stricken people who sought to better their=20 condition

2.     =20 those who were deprived of political or religious = freedom

3.     =20 adventurers who hoped to acquire riches in the = colonies

E.     =20 Treatment of the Indians

1.     =20 Friendly initially when needed for help with food

2.     =20 As colonists began pushing westward, relations turned = ugly

V.           = ;     =20 Summary of why the British prevailed in North America

A.    =20 Numbers: Colonial populations grew because of few restrictions on = immigration

B.    =20 Freedom: Colonists were allowed to experiment with = self-government. =20

C.    =20 Economy: Colonists were able to acquire wealth

D.    =20 Indian Policy: No qualms about forcing the native population off = the=20 land

E.     =20 The English settlers were people looking to improve their life in = the New=20 World=97escape religious persecution or poverty=97and  they under = took huge=20 risks, and traveled a great distance to accomplish that task.

1.     =20 Does not forebode that these people will remain quietly under = British=20 authority when conditions in America are not to their liking