Team 8A - Van Wyck Junior High

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ELA Terms/Essay Format small medium large ENGLISH: LIT TERMS: protagonist - the main character and sometimes hero of story antagonist - the character opposed to the main character, sometimes the villian conflict - a struggle between two opposing forces or characters external conflict - a character struggles against an outside force character vs. character, character vs. society, character vs. nature. internal conflict - a character struggles within him/herself (mind, heart) dialect - a regional form of a language exaggeration - overstating something for the purpose of creating a comic effect hyperbole: an extreme exaggeration irony - a contrast between expectation and reality dramatic irony - when the audience or the reader knows something a character does not verbal irony - a contrast between what is said and what is actually meant situational irony - when what occurs in a situation is different for what you expect. character - a person or a creature in a story dialogue - a conversation between two or more characters satire - writing that ridicules something, often to bring about change. idiom - an expressiom peculiar to a particular lanuage that means something different from the literal meaning of the words simile - a comparison between two unlike things using words such as like, as or resembles metaphor - an imaginative comparison between two unlike things in which one thing is said to be another. personification - a figure of speech in which an object or an animal is spoken of as if it had human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes. figure of speech: a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another ex.: similie, metaphor, personification alliteration - the repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close together mood (atmosphere) - the overall feeling of a work of literature tone - manner of expression in speech or writing symbolism - the practice of representing things by mean of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. imagery- language that appeals to the five senses onomatopoeia - the formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. climax - the point in the story that creates the greatest suspense or interest theme - an ingredient of a litery work which gives the work unity. The theme provides an answer to the question WHAT IS THE WORK ABOUT? Unlike plot which deals with the action of a work, theme concerns itself with the work's message or contains the general idea of a work. flashback - the interruption in present action to show events that happened at an earlier time setting - the time, place, and circumstances in which a story takes place foreshadowing - the use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in the plot oxymoron - when contradictory terms are combined such as jumbo shrimp plot- the pattern of events or main story in a narrative or drama point of view - the vantage point from which a story is told First Person - The "first person" or "personal" point of view relates events as they are perceived by a single character. The main character. The main character "tells" the story and may offer opinions about the action and characters which differ from those of the author. Second Person - Much less common then omniscient, third person, and first person is the "second person" point of view, wherein the author tells the story as if it is happening to the reader. Third Person - The "third person" point of view presents the events of the story from outside of any single character's perception much like the omniscient point of view, but the reader must understand the action as it takes place and without any special insight into characters' minds or motivations. antagonist alliteration aside characterization climax conflict crisis dialogue exposition flashback foreshadowing genre hyperbole imagery irony metaphor monologue mood narrator onomatopoeia oxymoron personification plot point of view protagonist rising action setting simile suspense symbol theme interior monologue idiom POETRY TERMS alliteration assonance consonance internal rhyme end rhyme onomatopoeia extended metaphor figurative lanuage: types personfication metaphor simile THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF PREPOSITIONS: about behind from on toward above below in on top of under across beneath in front of onto underneath after beside inside out of until against between instead of outside up along by into over upon among down like past with around during near since within at except of through without before for off to because of Outline: I. Intro A. The Red Pony, John Steinbeck B. The Red Pony is the story of a boy, named Jody. It starts out with his father buying him a pony and then progresses and follows him as he grows up. When Jody witnesses the death of the pony that he had named Gabilan it triggers the slow loss of childhood innocence that helps him to mature into a man. C. The dramatic events that occur on the farm force Jody to mature rapidly. II. Innocence/Gabilan’s death A. At the beginning of the story Jody is very childlike in the sense that he has not lost his innocence yet, but the death of his pony Gabilan triggers the beginning of his growth to adulthood. 1. “Taken in chronology, these stories cover approximately three years in the life of Jody Tiflin—each representing a new stage in his maturation.”(Eckley 2) 2. “At the beginning of the first story Jody is a child not only in the sense of being innocent of knowledge of the world but also in the sense of being under others control.”(French 63) a. “He was only a little boy, ten years old, with hair like dusty yellow grass and with shy polite gray eyes, and with a mouth that worked when he thought.”(Steinbeck 2) b. “Below in one of the clearings in the brush lay the red pony. In the distance Jody could see the legs move slowly and convulsively. And in a circle around him stood the buzzards, waiting for the moment of death they know so well.”(Steinbeck 36) c. “The red fearless eyes still looked at him, impersonal and unafraid and detached. He struck again and again until the buzzard lay dead.”(Steinbeck 36) III. Maturation after Gabilan’s death A. After the occurrence of Gabilan’s death Jody seems to become mean and almost cruel while maturing. 1. “As the second story, ‘The Great Mountains’, begins, we find that once-trusting Jody has become cruel and callous.”(French 65) 2. “He is no longer respectful of adults, but he still fears them. He has graduated to that intermediate state between childhood and manhood in which the principal guide to conduct is fear of public opinion…”(French 65) a. “When mutt yelped, Jody’s mother called from inside the house, ‘Jody stop torturing that dog and find something to do.’ Jody felt mean then, so he threw a rock at Mutt.”(Steinbeck 39) b. “He didn’t care about the bird or its life, but he knew what older people would say if they’d seen him kill it; he was ashamed because of their potential opinion.”(Steinbeck 39) IV. Nelly and the Foal’s effect on Jody A. When Jody witnesses Billy killing Nelly to save her foal he is jolted into the adult world of reality which brings him to the last state of his maturation in the story. 1. “Jody has now irretrievably entered the troublesome realm of adult emotions and defeats.”(French 66) a. “And then he heard the hollow crunch of bone. Nellie chuckled shrilly. Jody looked back in time to see the hammer rise and fall again on the flat forehead. Then Nellie fell heavily to her side and quivered for a minute.”(Steinbeck 78) b. “’Well, I hope it doesn’t rain until after I kill those damn mice,’ He looked over his shoulder to see if Billy had noticed the mature profanity.”(Steinbeck 82) c. “’Can I have a lemon to make a lemonade for grandfather?’ His mother mimicked-‘And another lemon to make a lemonade for you?’ No ma’am. I don’t want one.’”(Steinbeck 100) Or, would you like to view and optionally restore one of these previous versions? Password: Forgot your password?

Team 8A - Van Wyck Junior High

ELA Terms/Essay Format

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