Geography Chapter 5 Key Terms only Test November 17, 2009
Outline notes
Geography Chapter 5 Earth’s Natural Resources
Section 1
I. What Are Natural Resources?
A. Natural Resources
1. Any useful material found in the ground
2. Anything from the Earth that helps meet people’s needs for
food, clothing, and shelter
a. Water, soil, animals, plants, minerals
3. Raw materials – resources that must be altered, or changed,
before they can be used (trees)
4. Three kinds of resources
a. Recyclable resources – cycle naturally through the
environment (water, nitrogen, carbon)
b. Renewable resources – can be replaced (plants, animals)
c. Nonrenewable resources – used up, can’t be replaced
(minerals, coal, natural gas, petroleum, metals)
5. Ancient Energy: Fossil Fuels
a. Fossil fuels – created over millions of years from the
remains of prehistoric plants and animals (coal,
petroleum, natural gas) nonrenewable
B. A Special Resource: Energy
1. Use energy directly – clock, radio, lamp
2. Use energy indirectly – glass, shoes
3. Use physical energy – person going to get something
4. Energy “Have’s” and “Have Nots”
a. Energy is not evenly distributed throughout the world (
some have coal, others have natural gas, others have
petroleum)
5. Growing needs and the search for new supplies
a. Shortage of something – it’s more expensive
b. Country doesn’t have enough – buys from other
countries
Geography Chapter 5 Earth’s Natural Resources
Section 2
II. How People Use the Land
A. Stages of Resource Development
1. People use land and resources directly to make products
(hunting, cut wood, mine, fish, farm, herding)
a. ½ of world’s population in this level
2. People turn raw materials into things they use
a. Manufacturing – changing raw materials into a finished
product
3. People deliver products to a local store to be bought
a. Service industries – people produce a service (doctors,
transportation, communication, malls, stores,
restaurants)
B.Economic Patterns : Developed and Developing Nations
1. Developed Nations – countries with many industries
a. ¼ of the people in world(US, Canada, Japan, Singapore,
Australia, most European countries)
b. People use goods made in factories
c. Countries use a lot of raw materials
d. Countries use power driven machinery
e. Businesses spend $ on technology, transportation, communication
f. Countries produce goods for self and extra to sell to others
g. Live in towns and cities
h. Work in business and industry where machines do work
i. Have enough food and water
j. Can get good education and adequate health care
k. Commercial farming – produce enough for nation’s people
i. Very large and run by companies
ii. Rely on modern technology
l. People depend on each other
m. Unemployment can be a challenge
n. Manufacturing can threaten environment
o. Manufacturing uses up natural resources
2. Developing Nations – countries with few industries
a. Most people in the world (Africa, Asia, Latin America)
b. Don’t have great wealth
c. Subsistence farming – raise enough food and animals for your
own family – much labor and little crops
d. Plantation – commercial farms – single crop to export
(banana, coffee, sugar cane, tea)
e. Nomads herd animals – travel from place to place
f. Hunter-gatherers
g. Great challenges – disease, food shortage, unsafe water, poor
education and health care, changing governments
h. Farmers rely on 1 crop – big risk if it fails
i. Thousands move to cities
j. Rapid population growth
k. Selling natural resources to other countries (oil, minerals)
l. Foreign Aid – help from developed nations
Geography Chapter 4 Test Study Guide Test Friday, November 6th
Reread Chapter 4
Review notes in Social Studies Notebook
Review questions at end of each section and end of the chapter
Understand what might be included in elements of culture
Understand Key Terms and meanings
culture cultural trait technology
cultural landscape agriculture
social structure nuclear family extended family
ethics
economy producer goods services consumer capitalism
socialism communism
government direct democracy monarchy constitution
representative democracy dictator
cultural diffusion acculturation
Understand 4 important developments in human culture and why they are
important
- invention of tools
- discovery of fire
- the spread of agriculture
- invention of writing
Understand the difference between matriarchy and patriarchy
Understand why religion is an important part of a culture
Understand the basic unit of any culture’s social structure
Understand the 3 basic economic systems
Understand the 4 basic political systems
Understand why cultures change
Geography Chapter 4 Notes
Culture – the way you live; life style; the way of life in a community
Elements of a culture – Cultural traits
religion clothing traditions
tools/technology customs holidays
languageshousing values
beliefs/scruples/morals food
4 important developments in human culture
• invention of tools
• discovery of fire
• growth of agriculture (farming)
• use of writing
Causes of cultural changes
• environment
• inventions/ideas
• technology
matriarchy – women in charge patriarchy – men in charge
3 Economic Systems
1) Socialism –
Government owns basic industries
Some privately owned business of nonbasic industries
2) Communism –
Government in control of everything
3) Capitalism –
Mostly privately owned businesses
4 Kinds of Governments
1) Dictatorship –
Dictator in charge
2) Monarchy –
King or Queen in charge
3) Direct Democracy –
Everyone participates – chiefs and elders
4) Representative Democracy – (constitutional democracy)
Everyone elects representatives
Geography Chapter 3 Test - Friday, October 16th
Study Key Terms
Questions at the end of each section and chapter
Geography Chapter 3 Notes
1) Reasons for World Population Growth
• new medicines
• new health technology and advances
• Green Revolution – changes in agriculture (farming)
• new crops
• new ways to protect against insects
• new fertilizers
• crops grow with less water
• ways to preserve food
2) Challenges of World Population Growth
• not enough food, water, housing, jobs, schools, transportation,
sanitation
• overcrowded areas
• too much pollution
• resources are used much faster
• shortages of fresh water and energy
• no trees and not have good soil
3) Reasons for Migration and Urbanization
The “push – pull” theory
PUSH PULL
- war/unsafe - safety
- not enough food/water - food/water
- lack of freedom - freedom
- religion - religion
- health - health
- family - family
- changes in government - land/soil
- no jobs - jobs
- forced to leave - natural resources
- unhappy - sense of adventure
- climate - climate
4) Challenges of Migration and Urbanization
• have to get used to different languages, customs, way of doing
things, climate
• cost of things needed
• have to learn to get along with others
• disagreements in what community services to spend tax money on
• too many people too fast for a city to keep up with all that is
needed
• not enough food, water, housing, jobs, schools, transportation,
sanitation
• overcrowded areas
• too much pollution
• resources are used much faster
• shortages of fresh water and energy
• no trees and not have good soil
Geography Chapter 2 Key Terms Project due Monday, September 28th
There will not be a test on Chapter 2. Individually, your child will draw a
picture/map and label the Key Terms on it. Some class time will be
provided, but work at home is expected. Below are the guidelines for the
grade. After reading and discussing the chapter, there will be a review
paper about the maps and diagrams in the chapter that your child, with an
assigned partner, will do using the book.
Picture done in
Pencil – 8 points Color – 10 points Paints/pastels – 12 points
Key Terms labeled
15-18 terms – 8 points 19-23 terms – 10 points 24-25 terms – 12 points
Spelling
4 or 5 errors – 8 points 2 or 3 errors – 10 points 0-1 error – 12 points
Paper size
Looseleaf – 8 points 9 x 12 – 10 points 12 x 18 – 12 points
Sloppy – 8 points Neat – 12 points
Late (1 day) – 8 points Ontime – 12 points
Map of my Bedroom - due September 15th
Title – named (8pts) uniquely named(10pts)
Key – 1-5 items (5pts) 6-10 items (8pts) 11 or more items (10pts)
Text – sizes (10)_________________
Compass Rose (10)______________
Spelling – 3-4 errors (5pts) 1-2 errors (8pts) none (10pts)
Capitalization - 3-4 errors (5pts) 1-2 errors (8pts) none (10pts)
Measurements – listed, but inaccurate (5pts) listed and accurate (10pts)
Very Difficult to read Some Difficulty to read Easy to read map/
map/symbols (5pts) map/symbols(8pts) symbols (10pts)
Geography Chapter 1 Notes
Compass Rose
Cardinal Directions – N, S, E, and W
Intermediate Directions – NE, NW, SE, and SW
geography: geo – earth (Greek) graphy – science of (to write)
Geographers ask: Where are things located?
Why are they there?
The 5 Themes of Geography
1) Location – absolute location – uses latitude and longitude –
exactlocation
relative location – in relation to other things, such
as street, community, city, state, country
2) Place - physical features (God made) – rivers, hills, mountains,
lakes, etc.
human features (people made) – canals, buildings, bridges,
roads
3) Human-Environment Interaction
How people and the environment affect each other – pollution,
buildings, products, drought, water travel, natural resources, jobs, etc.
4) Movement
How people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another – cars,
trucks, boats, trains, walk, animals, planes, etc. (communication) talking,
phones, Internet, satellites, TV, etc.
5) Regions
What places have in common or the same – river, mountains,
population, climate, religions, vegetation, rainfall, elevation, recreation,
jobs, etc.
Kinds of Maps
1) political – shows the borders of states or countries
2) physical – elevation – how high/low the land is
3) regions -
- vegetation – shows the plants that grow
- climate – shows the weather a long period of time or a year
- population – shows the number of people
4) mental – a picture in your head or mind
5) orange peel map – shows what the outside layer of the earth’s sphere
would look like
6) projections –
- Mercator
- Interrupted
- Equal Area
- Peters
- Robinson – mostly used
7) pirate map
8) road map
9) globe
Maps have or Parts of a map
titles symbols key or legend
compass rose distance scale
latitude and longitude lines hemispheres
