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Mrs. Miller 5th Grade Language Arts and Social Studies



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Social Studies

Geography Chapter 5 Key Terms only Test November 17, 2009

Outline notes

       Geography Chapter 5 Earth’s Natural Resources
                       Section 1

I. What Are Natural Resources?
     A. Natural Resources
           1. Any useful material found in the ground
	   2. Anything from the Earth that helps meet people’s needs for 
               food, clothing, and shelter
	       a. Water, soil, animals, plants, minerals
	   3. Raw materials – resources that must be altered, or changed,  
               before they can be used (trees)
	  4. Three kinds of resources
	      a. Recyclable resources – cycle naturally through the 
                  environment (water, nitrogen, carbon)
	      b. Renewable resources – can be replaced (plants, animals)
	      c. Nonrenewable resources – used up, can’t be replaced 
                  (minerals, coal, natural gas, petroleum, metals)
	  5. Ancient Energy: Fossil Fuels
	      a. Fossil fuels – created over millions of years from the 
                  remains of prehistoric plants and animals (coal, 
                  petroleum, natural gas) nonrenewable

     B. A Special Resource: Energy
	  1. Use energy directly – clock, radio, lamp
	  2. Use energy indirectly – glass, shoes
	  3. Use physical energy – person going to get something
	  4. Energy “Have’s” and “Have Nots”
	      a. Energy is not evenly distributed throughout the world ( 
                  some have coal, others have natural gas, others have 
                  petroleum)
	  5. Growing needs and the search for new supplies
	       a. Shortage of something – it’s more expensive
	       b. Country doesn’t have enough – buys from other 
                   countries


        Geography Chapter 5 Earth’s Natural Resources
                          Section 2

II. How People Use the Land
     A. Stages of Resource Development
	1. People use land and resources directly to make products
		(hunting, cut wood, mine, fish, farm, herding)
            a. ½ of world’s population in this level
        2. People turn raw materials into things they use
           a. Manufacturing – changing raw materials into a finished  
                 product
	3. People deliver products to a local store to be bought
           a. Service industries – people produce a service (doctors,
	      transportation, communication, malls, stores, 
              restaurants)
  
      B.Economic Patterns : Developed and Developing Nations
        1. Developed Nations – countries with many industries
           a. ¼ of the people in world(US, Canada, Japan, Singapore,  
         Australia, most European countries)
           b. People use goods made in factories
           c. Countries use a lot of raw materials
           d. Countries use power driven machinery
           e. Businesses spend $ on technology, transportation, communication
           f. Countries produce goods for self and extra to sell to others
           g. Live in towns and cities
           h. Work in business and industry where machines do work
           i. Have enough food and water
           j. Can get good education and adequate health care
           k. Commercial farming – produce enough for nation’s people
              i. Very large and run by companies
              ii. Rely on modern technology
           l. People depend on each other
           m. Unemployment can be a challenge
           n. Manufacturing can threaten environment
           o. Manufacturing uses up natural resources

        2. Developing Nations – countries with few industries
           a. Most people in the world (Africa, Asia, Latin America)
           b. Don’t have great wealth
           c. Subsistence farming – raise enough food and animals for your  
              own family – much labor and little crops
           d. Plantation – commercial farms – single crop to export
              (banana, coffee, sugar cane, tea)
           e. Nomads herd animals – travel from place to place
           f. Hunter-gatherers
           g. Great challenges – disease, food shortage, unsafe water, poor 
              education and health care, changing governments
           h. Farmers rely on 1 crop – big risk if it fails
           i. Thousands move to cities
           j. Rapid population growth
           k. Selling natural resources to other countries (oil, minerals)
           l. Foreign Aid – help from developed nations


    

Geography Chapter 4 Test Study Guide  Test Friday, November 6th


Reread Chapter 4

Review notes in Social Studies Notebook

Review questions at end of each section and end of the chapter

Understand what might be included in elements of culture 

Understand Key Terms and meanings

culture           cultural trait	          technology	     
cultural landscape           	agriculture
social structure	nuclear family	   extended family	
	ethics
economy	producer	goods	   services	consumer	capitalism
	socialism      communism
government	direct democracy	monarchy	constitution	   
representative democracy	     dictator
cultural diffusion		acculturation

Understand 4 important developments in human culture and why they are 
important

- invention of tools
- discovery of fire
- the spread of agriculture
- invention of writing

Understand the difference between matriarchy and patriarchy

Understand why religion is an important part of a culture

Understand the basic unit of any culture’s social structure

Understand the 3 basic economic systems

Understand the 4 basic political systems

Understand why cultures change

Geography Chapter 4 Notes

Culture – the way you live; life style; the way of life in a community
Elements of a culture – Cultural traits
religion	      clothing                traditions 
tools/technology       customs	      holidays               
languageshousing         values	   
beliefs/scruples/morals                    food

4 important developments in human culture
•	invention of tools
•	discovery of fire
•	growth of agriculture (farming)
•	use of writing

Causes of cultural changes
•	environment
•	inventions/ideas
•	technology

matriarchy – women in charge                    patriarchy – men in charge

3 Economic Systems
1) Socialism –
	Government owns basic industries
	Some privately owned business of nonbasic industries
2) Communism – 
	Government in control of everything
3) Capitalism – 
	Mostly privately owned businesses

4 Kinds of Governments
1)	Dictatorship – 
Dictator in charge
2)	Monarchy – 
King or Queen in charge

3)	Direct Democracy – 
Everyone participates – chiefs and elders

4)	Representative Democracy –  (constitutional democracy)
Everyone elects representatives




Geography Chapter 3 Test - Friday, October 16th

Study Key Terms
Questions at the end of each section and chapter

Geography Chapter 3 Notes

1)	Reasons for World Population Growth	 

•	new medicines
•	new health technology and advances
•	Green Revolution – changes in agriculture (farming)
•	new crops
•	new ways to protect against insects
•	new fertilizers
•	crops grow with less water
•	ways to preserve food


2)  Challenges of World Population Growth

•	not enough food, water, housing, jobs, schools, transportation, 
         sanitation
•	overcrowded areas
•	too much pollution
•	resources are used much faster
•	shortages of fresh water and energy
•	no trees and not have good soil


3) Reasons for Migration and Urbanization
The “push – pull” theory
PUSH						PULL
 - war/unsafe				 - safety
- not enough food/water			 - food/water
- lack of freedom			- freedom
- religion				 - religion
- health				 - health
- family				 - family
- changes in government			- land/soil
- no jobs				 - jobs
 - forced to leave			 - natural resources
- unhappy				 - sense of adventure
- climate				 - climate

4)  Challenges of Migration and Urbanization

•	have to get used to different languages, customs, way of doing 
       things, climate
•	cost of things needed
•	have to learn to get along with others
•	disagreements in what community services to spend tax money on
•	too many people too fast for a city to keep up with all that is 
        needed
•	not enough food, water, housing, jobs, schools, transportation, 
       sanitation
•	overcrowded areas
•	too much pollution
•	resources are used much faster
•	shortages of fresh water and energy
•	no trees and not have good soil



Geography Chapter 2 Key Terms Project  due Monday, September 28th

There will not be a test on Chapter 2.  Individually, your child will draw a 
picture/map and label the Key Terms on it.  Some class time will be 
provided, but work at home is expected.  Below are the guidelines for the 
grade.  After reading and discussing the chapter, there will be a review 
paper about the maps and diagrams in the chapter that your child, with an 
assigned partner, will do using the book.  
   Picture done in  
Pencil – 8 points	Color – 10 points	Paints/pastels – 12 points
 
   Key Terms labeled
15-18 terms – 8 points	   19-23 terms – 10 points    24-25 terms – 12 points
    
   Spelling 
4 or 5 errors – 8 points   2 or 3 errors – 10 points	0-1 error – 12 points

   Paper size
Looseleaf – 8 points	     9 x 12 – 10 points		12 x 18 – 12 points

Sloppy – 8 points		Neat – 12 points

Late (1 day) – 8 points		Ontime – 12 points



Map of my Bedroom - due September 15th

Title – named (8pts)		uniquely named(10pts)
Key – 1-5 items (5pts)	   6-10 items (8pts)	11 or more items (10pts)
Text – sizes (10)_________________
Compass Rose (10)______________
Spelling – 3-4 errors (5pts)	1-2 errors (8pts)	none (10pts)
Capitalization - 3-4 errors (5pts)	1-2 errors (8pts)	none (10pts)
Measurements – listed, but inaccurate (5pts)	listed and accurate (10pts)
Very Difficult to read       Some Difficulty to read        Easy to read map/
map/symbols (5pts)                map/symbols(8pts)           symbols (10pts)
 


  Geography Chapter 1 Notes

Compass Rose
	Cardinal Directions – N, S, E, and W			
        Intermediate Directions – NE, NW, SE, and SW

geography:	geo – earth (Greek)	graphy – science of (to write)	
		
Geographers ask:	Where are things located?
			Why are they there?

The 5 Themes of Geography

1)  Location –	absolute location – uses latitude and longitude –
                                    exactlocation
		relative location – in relation to other things, such
                             as street, community, city, state, country

2)  Place -   physical features (God made) – rivers, hills, mountains, 
                                  lakes, etc.
	       human features (people made) – canals, buildings, bridges, 
                                                roads

3)  Human-Environment Interaction
	How people and the environment affect each other – pollution, 
buildings, products, drought, water travel, natural resources, jobs, etc.

4)  Movement 
	How people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another – cars, 
trucks, boats, trains, walk, animals, planes, etc.  (communication) talking, 
phones, Internet, satellites, TV, etc.
 
5)  Regions
	What places have in common or the same – river, mountains, 
population, climate, religions, vegetation, rainfall, elevation, recreation, 
jobs, etc.

Kinds of Maps

1)	political – shows the borders of states or countries
2)	physical – elevation – how high/low the land is
3)	regions -
      -	vegetation – shows the plants that grow
      -	climate – shows the weather a long period of time or a year
      -	population – shows the number of people
4)	mental – a picture in your head or mind
5)	orange peel map – shows what the outside layer of the earth’s sphere
                        would look like
6)	projections –
      -	Mercator
      -	Interrupted
      -	Equal Area
      -	Peters
      -	Robinson – mostly used
7)	pirate map
8)	road map
9)	globe

Maps have or Parts of a map

titles			symbols		key or legend	
compass rose           distance scale			
latitude and longitude lines			hemispheres
       

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