Map of Narnia due December 14, 2009
Draw a map of what you imagine Narnia would look like from reading the
book. Include the title, wardrobe, woods, lamppost, sea, two hills, White
Witch’s castle, Stone Table, Cair Paravel, battle fought, Beavers’ home,
river, Mr. Tumnus’ cave. Be sure to put your name on your paper and include
a map key with a Compass Rose. Spelling, Capitalization, and Neatness
points will be included in the grading. You may use crayons, colored
pencils, or markers to color the paper I give you for your final copy to
turn in to me. (Each item is worth two points.)
Africa Chapter 1 Physical Geography
I. Land and Water
A. The Four Regions of Africa
1. North
2. West
3. East
a. Plateau – large, raised area of mostly flat land
4. Central and Southern
B. Africa’s Major Landforms
1. The Plateau Continent
a. Elevation – height of the land above sea level
2. Coastal Plains
a. Escarpment – steep cliff
3. The Great Rift Valley
a. Rift – a deep trench
C. Africa’s Rivers
1. The Nile River
a. Silt – fertile soil on left on river and lake bottoms
b. Fertile – substances that help plants grow well
c. The longest river in the world
d. Egyptians depended on it
2. The Congo River
a. Tributaries – small rivers and streams that flow into larger
rivers
b. Africa’s second longest river
3. The Niger River
a. Cataracts – rock filled rapids
b. Third longest river
c. People make a living catching fish
4. The Zambezi River
a. Fourth longest river
b. Runs through 6 countries
c. River current used to make electricity
Africa Chapter 1 Physical Geography
Section 2
II. Climate and Vegetation
A. What Influences Climate?
1. Distance from the Equator
a. Close to Equator, so most of continent warm
b. Opposite seasons north and south of Equator
2. Elevation – height of the land above sea level
a. Higher elevation – warmer
i. Mount Kiimanjaro – highest peak
b. Lower elevation – colder
c. Irrigate – bring water in to water crops
d. Oasis – a place with underground springs and fresh water
3. Rainfall
a. Varies from one region to another
i. Some 100 inches a year
ii. Some no rain for years
b. Grow a variety of crops, need differing amounts of rain
B. Vegetation
1. Tropical Rain Forests
a. Rains nearly all the time
b. Less rain forests because of deforestation
2. Tropical Savannas
a. Savannas – region of tall grasses
b. Mostly north and south of the rain forests
c. Two seasons
i. Wet – can farm
ii. Dry – can’t farm
3. Deserts
a. Lie beyond the savannas
b. Sahara – lies across most of Africa
c. Sahel – Arab word for shore or border
d. Namib and Kalahari – southern Africa
e. Nomads – people who move around to make a living
C. Building Good Health
1. Climate affects health
a. Moist areas have a lot of disease carrying insects
i. Tsetse fly – kills cattle and causes sleeping
sickness
ii. Netting used to catch fly
Africa Chapter 1 Physical Geography Section 3
III. Natural Resources
A. Agricultural Resources
1. Farming to live
a. Subsistence farming – grow crops to support family
i. Morocco – barley and wheat
ii. Egypt – dates, barley, and wheat
iii. Burkina Faso and Niger – grains
iv. More rainfall areas – vegetables, fruits, roots
v. West Africa – corn, rice
vi. Many cultures – fish, raise goats and poultry
2. Crops for sale
a. Cash crops – raise crops to sell
i. Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Cameroon - coffee and cacao
ii. Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe,
Mozambique - tea
b. More land used for cash crops than to grow crops to
feed families
3. Harvesting Trees
a. Hardwood trees grown everywhere – being cut down
b. Some countries planting trees by the thousands
B. Mineral Resources
1. Economy – system for producing, distributing,
consuming, and owning goods, services, and wealth
2. Mining important to Africa
a. North Africa – petroleum
b. West Africa – oil producer
c. Ghana – gold
d. Others – copper, silver, uranium, titanium, diamonds
C. Balancing Crops, Minerals, and Industry
1. Specialized economy – relies on one industry
2. Diversify – add variety
3. Diversified economy – has more than one industry
African Country Project
Dec. 1 - at least half of your information
Dec.8 - all research completed
Congratulations! Miller’s Tourist Planners has decided to hire you
to help create tour guides for different countries in Africa. There are a
lot of places to go, and it is your job to help sell your trip so Miller’s
Tourist Planners can make some big bucks.
Your job will be to plan a tour. Your destination is one of the 56
countries in Africa. As you plan your tour, you will need to explore the
five themes of geography: location, place, human-environment interaction,
movement, and regions. You will be able to answer questions such as:
• “Where is this country?”
• “What is this country like?”
• “How would you describe the geography of this country? Are there
any unique landforms?”
• “What are some of the major cities in this country?”
• “How do people use this country?”
• “How and why have people changed this country?”
• “How has this place been affected by the movement of people, goods,
and ideas?”
• “What languages are spoken in this place?”
• “What is the culture of this place?”
• “What are the customs of this country?”
Now, these are the suggestions of Miller’s Tourist Planners, but if you
think you have a better idea for what should be included in your brochure,
go ahead! Just make sure you ask your boss if your idea is a good one!
Remember, a brochure should be very informative and should entice
the person who is reading it. They should want to come and explore the
place you have written about. You will use Microsoft Publisher to design
your brochure.
You and your boss will complete an evaluation sheet on your
brochure. Be sure to look over the criteria.
Check out Mrs. Greiner’s webpage for other sites.
Some helpful websites:
http://www.africa.upenn.edu/K-12/menu_EduKNTR.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/16645/contents.html
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
http://www.africaguide.com/afmap.htm
Here are some questions you may want to answer for your brochure. You don’t
have to limit your information to just these questions!!!!!!
How big is your country?
What is the population of your country?
Where is your country located?
What are the major imports and exports of your country?
What are some of the major cities?
What is the language(s) spoken in your country:
What is the climate of your country?
What are some areas of interest in your country? (National Parks, places to
visit, etc.)
What are some customs of your country?
How would you describe the culture of your country?
What are some other important facts about your country that a traveler may
want to know?
What are some other interesting facts about your country?
Brochure Criteria
Information in the brochure is accurate.(10 points.)
Brochure includes information about the country assigned.(10)
Brochure includes an easily-read map of the assigned country.(10)
Brochure includes information about all 5 Themes of Geography.(30)
Brochure is laid out nicely and is well organized.(10)
Brochure includes other Clip Art(at least one per column).(10)
Brochure layout catches the attention of the observer(different fonts,
colors, etc.). (10)
Brochure was edited and contains few conventional errors.(10)
Works Cited paper (10)
Geography Chapter 5 Key Terms only Test November 17, 2009
Outline notes
Geography Chapter 5 Earth’s Natural Resources
Section 1
I. What Are Natural Resources?
A. Natural Resources
1. Any useful material found in the ground
2. Anything from the Earth that helps meet people’s needs for
food, clothing, and shelter
a. Water, soil, animals, plants, minerals
3. Raw materials – resources that must be altered, or changed,
before they can be used (trees)
4. Three kinds of resources
a. Recyclable resources – cycle naturally through the
environment (water, nitrogen, carbon)
b. Renewable resources – can be replaced (plants, animals)
c. Nonrenewable resources – used up, can’t be replaced
(minerals, coal, natural gas, petroleum, metals)
5. Ancient Energy: Fossil Fuels
a. Fossil fuels – created over millions of years from the
remains of prehistoric plants and animals (coal,
petroleum, natural gas) nonrenewable
B. A Special Resource: Energy
1. Use energy directly – clock, radio, lamp
2. Use energy indirectly – glass, shoes
3. Use physical energy – person going to get something
4. Energy “Have’s” and “Have Nots”
a. Energy is not evenly distributed throughout the world (
some have coal, others have natural gas, others have
petroleum)
5. Growing needs and the search for new supplies
a. Shortage of something – it’s more expensive
b. Country doesn’t have enough – buys from other
countries
Geography Chapter 5 Earth’s Natural Resources
Section 2
II. How People Use the Land
A. Stages of Resource Development
1. People use land and resources directly to make products
(hunting, cut wood, mine, fish, farm, herding)
a. ½ of world’s population in this level
2. People turn raw materials into things they use
a. Manufacturing – changing raw materials into a finished
product
3. People deliver products to a local store to be bought
a. Service industries – people produce a service (doctors,
transportation, communication, malls, stores,
restaurants)
B.Economic Patterns : Developed and Developing Nations
1. Developed Nations – countries with many industries
a. ¼ of the people in world(US, Canada, Japan, Singapore,
Australia, most European countries)
b. People use goods made in factories
c. Countries use a lot of raw materials
d. Countries use power driven machinery
e. Businesses spend $ on technology, transportation, communication
f. Countries produce goods for self and extra to sell to others
g. Live in towns and cities
h. Work in business and industry where machines do work
i. Have enough food and water
j. Can get good education and adequate health care
k. Commercial farming – produce enough for nation’s people
i. Very large and run by companies
ii. Rely on modern technology
l. People depend on each other
m. Unemployment can be a challenge
n. Manufacturing can threaten environment
o. Manufacturing uses up natural resources
2. Developing Nations – countries with few industries
a. Most people in the world (Africa, Asia, Latin America)
b. Don’t have great wealth
c. Subsistence farming – raise enough food and animals for your
own family – much labor and little crops
d. Plantation – commercial farms – single crop to export
(banana, coffee, sugar cane, tea)
e. Nomads herd animals – travel from place to place
f. Hunter-gatherers
g. Great challenges – disease, food shortage, unsafe water, poor
education and health care, changing governments
h. Farmers rely on 1 crop – big risk if it fails
i. Thousands move to cities
j. Rapid population growth
k. Selling natural resources to other countries (oil, minerals)
l. Foreign Aid – help from developed nations
Geography Chapter 5 Earth’s Natural Resources
Section 3
III. People’s Effect on Environment
A. Danger to Land, Water, and Air
1. Ecosystem – a place where living elements depend on one
another and nonliving elements for their survival
a. If one part changes, other parts are affected
i. Deforestation – cutting down the forests
2. Protecting Endangered Species
a. Endangered Species Act – protect species and environment
i. Habitat – area in which a plant/animal naturally grows or lives
ii. Goal is to stop extinction of animals or plants
3. Factories and Acid Rain
a. Acid rain – rain that carries dangerous chemicals
i. Autos and factories release chemicals into air from use of
fossil fuels
ii. Chemicals mix with water vapor in air making the rain as
acid as vinegar
b. Laws to reduce acid rain
i. Factories use filters to clean-up fumes
ii. Cars have device to reduce dangerous chemicals from exhaust
4. Rivers and Sewage Pollution
a. People have dumped trash into rivers, lakes, oceans
i. Harmful to animals and people when eating foods from water
b. Fertilizers and pesticides pollute water
5. The Ozone Layer and Ultraviolet Rays
a. Ozone layer – layer of gas in upper part of atmosphere
i. It blocks most of the harmful ultraviolet rays
ii. Chemicals are destroying ozone layer
iii. Montreal Protocol – nations limit use of chemicals
6. Global Warming – a slow increase in the Earth’s temperature
a. Caused by “greenhouse gases” released into the air
i. Industrial countries produce 75% of these gases when fossil
fuels are burned
b. Greenhouse gases trap Earth’s heat and reflect it back to
Earth instead of it escaping into space
B. The Challenge of Energy
1. Scientists are exploring ways to get inexpensive energy
a. Nuclear power
b. Water
c. Wind
d. Sun
2. Recycle – reuse old materials to make new products
Geography Chapter 4 Test Study Guide Test Friday, November 6th
Reread Chapter 4
Review notes in Social Studies Notebook
Review questions at end of each section and end of the chapter
Understand what might be included in elements of culture
Understand Key Terms and meanings
culture cultural trait technology
cultural landscape agriculture
social structure nuclear family extended family
ethics
economy producer goods services consumer capitalism
socialism communism
government direct democracy monarchy constitution
representative democracy dictator
cultural diffusion acculturation
Understand 4 important developments in human culture and why they are
important
- invention of tools
- discovery of fire
- the spread of agriculture
- invention of writing
Understand the difference between matriarchy and patriarchy
Understand why religion is an important part of a culture
Understand the basic unit of any culture’s social structure
Understand the 3 basic economic systems
Understand the 4 basic political systems
Understand why cultures change
Geography Chapter 4 Notes
Culture – the way you live; life style; the way of life in a community
Elements of a culture – Cultural traits
religion clothing traditions
tools/technology customs holidays
languageshousing values
beliefs/scruples/morals food
4 important developments in human culture
• invention of tools
• discovery of fire
• growth of agriculture (farming)
• use of writing
Causes of cultural changes
• environment
• inventions/ideas
• technology
matriarchy – women in charge patriarchy – men in charge
3 Economic Systems
1) Socialism –
Government owns basic industries
Some privately owned business of nonbasic industries
2) Communism –
Government in control of everything
3) Capitalism –
Mostly privately owned businesses
4 Kinds of Governments
1) Dictatorship –
Dictator in charge
2) Monarchy –
King or Queen in charge
3) Direct Democracy –
Everyone participates – chiefs and elders
4) Representative Democracy – (constitutional democracy)
Everyone elects representatives
Geography Chapter 3 Test - Friday, October 16th
Study Key Terms
Questions at the end of each section and chapter
Geography Chapter 3 Notes
1) Reasons for World Population Growth
• new medicines
• new health technology and advances
• Green Revolution – changes in agriculture (farming)
• new crops
• new ways to protect against insects
• new fertilizers
• crops grow with less water
• ways to preserve food
2) Challenges of World Population Growth
• not enough food, water, housing, jobs, schools, transportation,
sanitation
• overcrowded areas
• too much pollution
• resources are used much faster
• shortages of fresh water and energy
• no trees and not have good soil
3) Reasons for Migration and Urbanization
The “push – pull” theory
PUSH PULL
- war/unsafe - safety
- not enough food/water - food/water
- lack of freedom - freedom
- religion - religion
- health - health
- family - family
- changes in government - land/soil
- no jobs - jobs
- forced to leave - natural resources
- unhappy - sense of adventure
- climate - climate
4) Challenges of Migration and Urbanization
• have to get used to different languages, customs, way of doing
things, climate
• cost of things needed
• have to learn to get along with others
• disagreements in what community services to spend tax money on
• too many people too fast for a city to keep up with all that is
needed
• not enough food, water, housing, jobs, schools, transportation,
sanitation
• overcrowded areas
• too much pollution
• resources are used much faster
• shortages of fresh water and energy
• no trees and not have good soil
Geography Chapter 2 Key Terms Project due Monday, September 28th
There will not be a test on Chapter 2. Individually, your child will draw a
picture/map and label the Key Terms on it. Some class time will be
provided, but work at home is expected. Below are the guidelines for the
grade. After reading and discussing the chapter, there will be a review
paper about the maps and diagrams in the chapter that your child, with an
assigned partner, will do using the book.
Picture done in
Pencil – 8 points Color – 10 points Paints/pastels – 12 points
Key Terms labeled
15-18 terms – 8 points 19-23 terms – 10 points 24-25 terms – 12 points
Spelling
4 or 5 errors – 8 points 2 or 3 errors – 10 points 0-1 error – 12 points
Paper size
Looseleaf – 8 points 9 x 12 – 10 points 12 x 18 – 12 points
Sloppy – 8 points Neat – 12 points
Late (1 day) – 8 points Ontime – 12 points
Map of my Bedroom - due September 15th
Title – named (8pts) uniquely named(10pts)
Key – 1-5 items (5pts) 6-10 items (8pts) 11 or more items (10pts)
Text – sizes (10)_________________
Compass Rose (10)______________
Spelling – 3-4 errors (5pts) 1-2 errors (8pts) none (10pts)
Capitalization - 3-4 errors (5pts) 1-2 errors (8pts) none (10pts)
Measurements – listed, but inaccurate (5pts) listed and accurate (10pts)
Very Difficult to read Some Difficulty to read Easy to read map/
map/symbols (5pts) map/symbols(8pts) symbols (10pts)
Geography Chapter 1 Notes
Compass Rose
Cardinal Directions – N, S, E, and W
Intermediate Directions – NE, NW, SE, and SW
geography: geo – earth (Greek) graphy – science of (to write)
Geographers ask: Where are things located?
Why are they there?
The 5 Themes of Geography
1) Location – absolute location – uses latitude and longitude –
exactlocation
relative location – in relation to other things, such
as street, community, city, state, country
2) Place - physical features (God made) – rivers, hills, mountains,
lakes, etc.
human features (people made) – canals, buildings, bridges,
roads
3) Human-Environment Interaction
How people and the environment affect each other – pollution,
buildings, products, drought, water travel, natural resources, jobs, etc.
4) Movement
How people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another – cars,
trucks, boats, trains, walk, animals, planes, etc. (communication) talking,
phones, Internet, satellites, TV, etc.
5) Regions
What places have in common or the same – river, mountains,
population, climate, religions, vegetation, rainfall, elevation, recreation,
jobs, etc.
Kinds of Maps
1) political – shows the borders of states or countries
2) physical – elevation – how high/low the land is
3) regions -
- vegetation – shows the plants that grow
- climate – shows the weather a long period of time or a year
- population – shows the number of people
4) mental – a picture in your head or mind
5) orange peel map – shows what the outside layer of the earth’s sphere
would look like
6) projections –
- Mercator
- Interrupted
- Equal Area
- Peters
- Robinson – mostly used
7) pirate map
8) road map
9) globe
Maps have or Parts of a map
titles symbols key or legend
compass rose distance scale
latitude and longitude lines hemispheres
