Ms. Linda Taylor Barnett

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Please note: You may continue to use this page type if you desire. <PRE><FONT size=2>1.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ABSORPTION – The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>digestive system into the blood</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>- If a doctor was trying to see why a person could eat a lot but the food was not </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>being used to produce energy in the cells, the first thing the doctor might test would be </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>how well this process was working to get the nutrients through the villi in the stomach. </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>ABSORPTION</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>2.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ACTIVE TRANSPORT – The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a cell needs a material too large to diffuse through the membrane, </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the material must go through the membrane using this kind of transport.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ACTIVE</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>3.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ADAPTATION – A characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment or </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>reproduce</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Camouflage, body fur, bird beak shape are called ADATATIONS because they are all </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>traits an organism may have as part of its physical makeup to help it survive and </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>reproduce.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>4.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ADDICTION – A physical dependence on a substance; an intense need by the body for a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>substance</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Alcoholism, smoking) is called this rather than a dependence because it has a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>physical effect on the body.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ADDICTION</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>5.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME) – A disease caused by a virus that attacks </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the immune system</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A person is found to not be able to fight disease in their body through their </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>own immune system.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>A doctor investigating the cause might first test the patient for </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>this disease.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>AIDS</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>6.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ALGAE – A plant like protist</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A organism is found that does not have all the characteristics of a plant yet </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>it makes its own food.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>A scientist might begin to classify it as a plant-like protist. </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>More than likely it will be a type of ALGAE.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>7<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ALLELES – The different forms of a gene</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A person with blue eyes has genes that are made of different ALLELES </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>than someone with brown eyes.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>8<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>AMINO ACIDS – Small units that are linked together chemically to form </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>large protein molecules</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-_____ are to protein molecules as bricks are to a building.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-_____ are to protein molecules as beads are to a necklace.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>9<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ANTIBODY – A chemical produced by a B cell of the immune system that </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>destroys a specific kind of pathogen</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A doctor might test these chemicals produced by a person’s body to </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>see what their immune system is trying to fight in their illness.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>____</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>10<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ARTHROPOD – An invertebrate that has an external skeleton, a segmented </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>body, and jointed attachments called appendages</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-An animal was seen with 5 body parts, an exoskeleton, and 9 jointed </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>appendages.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In which animal classification would you choose to place it?<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>___</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>11<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION – The reproductive process that involves only one </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If an organism’s DNA is found to be identical to other organisms </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>near it, a scientist might conclude that the organism reproduces how?<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>asexually</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>12<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>AUXIN – The plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a plant was observed growing rapidly in strange directions, a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>scientist might test these chemical hormones in it to see what is causing the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>growth.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>13<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>BACTERIUM – A single-celled organism that is a prokaryote; belongs to one </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>of two kingdoms- Archaebacteria or Eubacteria</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-An organism is found in a plant that is dying.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The pathogenic </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>organism is single-celled and has not nucleus.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>To begin studying it, it is </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>classified as a ____.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>14<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>BEHAVIOR – All the actions an animal performs</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-To test the effects of different lights on fish in an aquarium, a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>scientist will observe the animal’s ___ (or actions).</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>15<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE – The naming system for organisms in which each </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>organism is given a two-part name- a genus name and a species name</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Genus and Species are names used in what naming system, just as </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>first, middle and family names are to English human names.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>16<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CARBOHYDRATES – Energy-rich organic compounds, such as sugars and </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>starches, that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>They </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>provide the raw materials to make parts of cells and provide energy for the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>cell</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Someone needing more energy and materials to replace parts of cells </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>that have been damaged will need to find foods with many of these compounds </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>in them.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>17<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CELL – The basic unit of structure and function in living things</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-____ is to an organism as an atom is to a mineral.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-____ is to an organism as a student is to the student body of a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>school.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A scientist wanting to know what makes up an organism will look at </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>its ___ (basic units), physical characteristics and actions.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>18<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CELL THEORY – A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>cells and living things</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>19<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CHLOROPHYLL – A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>and some bacteria</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A new organism is found and classified as a plant at first because </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>it was green and therefore thought to have ____ in it.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>20<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CHROMOSOME – A rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin: </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>contains DNA, which carries the genetic information that controls inherited </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>characteristic such as eye color and blood type</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>- To determine the genetic information necessary to help the client </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>make a decision about their future, a genetic counselor would look at the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>genes on a person’s ___ </FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>21<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – System of the body that carries needed materials to </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the body cells; carries wastes away from body cells; helps fight disease</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If nutrients were being digested but not found in body cells, a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>doctor might look at how the patient’s ___ is working to solve the problem.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If white blood cells were found in the lower parts of the body, but </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>not in the upper parts, a doctor might look at how the patient’s ___ is </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>working to solve the problem.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>22<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CLASSIFICATION – The process of grouping things based on their </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>similarities</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-To set up the areas of a store, zoo, building or storage area a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>person must first develop a ___ system to know where to place things with </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>similar characteristics.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>23<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CNIDARIANS – Animals whose stinging cells are used to capture their prey </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>and defend themselves, and who take their food into a hollow central cavity</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>24<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CONJUGATION – The process in which a unicellular organism transfers some </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>of its genetic material to another unicellular organism</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>25<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT – An experiment in which all of the variables </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>except for one remain the same</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a student studied how plants grew in different lights by keeping </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>everything around 100 plants the same except the color of light, the student </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>would be conducting what king of experiment?</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>26<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>CYTOPLASM – The region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes); </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>contains a gel-like material and cell organelles</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-The Jell-O with fruit floating in it is like the ___in a cell.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a person loses a lot of water from their body, this part of the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>cell will be the most dehydrated.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>27<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>DECOMPOSER – An organism that breaks down large chemicals from dead </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>organisms into small chemicals and returns important materials to the soil </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>and water</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-When a fly eats on something dead then puts out waste on the soil, </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>it is acting as a ___ in the food chain.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>28<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>DIFFUSION – The process by which molecules move form an area in which </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>they are highly concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-When a potato becomes soft when left in the air, it is because the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>highly concentrated water in the potato diffused to the less concentration of </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>water in the air.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-When a potato chip gets soft when it is left in the air, it is an </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>example of water diffusing into the dry chip from the moist air.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>29<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>DIGESTION – The process by which the body breaks down food into small </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>nutrient molecules</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a material is broken down as it goes through the esophogus, </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>stomach, intestines and villi, it has been through the ____ system.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>30<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Letters, sentences, paragraphs are to a story as ______, genes, and </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>chromosomes are to inherited traits in an organism.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>31 ECHINODERM - A radially symmetrical invertebrate that lives on the ocean </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>floor and has a spiny internal skeleton. </FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>-Starfish and sand dollars each have spiny skins and are radially </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>symmetrical invertebrates, so they are considered to be in this </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>classification.</FONT><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>32<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>EGG </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A scientist sees a cell with only ½ the number of chromosomes in it </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>as she sees in all the other cells in a female organism.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>She knows the cell </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>is an EGG.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p><FONT size=2>33<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>EMBRYO </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Fertilization makes a zygote that becomes an embryo that becomes a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>young plant or animal.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>34<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ENDOCRINE SYSTEM – </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-The thyroid that has chemicals to control growth, and the pituitary </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>that sends chemicals to parts of the body telling them to release more </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>chemicals into the body are all parts of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM system.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>35<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ENDOTHERM </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If an animal is tested and found to have parts in its body that </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>control its body temperature it would be classified as an ENDOTHERM .</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>36<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>EUKARYOTE – An organism with cells that contain nuclei and other cell </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>structures</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Most classifications of organisms on earth are eukaryotes because </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>their cells contain nuclei.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>37<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>EVOLUTION – The gradual change in a species over time</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If an archaeologist in an area finds some fossils of organisms that </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>have many but not all of the characteristics of some animals living in the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>area now, she would probably say that EVOLUTION had taken place with those </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>organisms.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>38<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>EXCRETORY SYSTEM – System of the body that removes wastes</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Trash compactors and disposals are to garbage control as the large </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>intestines, kidneys and skin are to the EXCRETORY SYSTEM system.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>39<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>FERTILIZATION – The joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>- FERTILIZATION that joins an egg and sperm cell to make a zygote is </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>like the assembly line where chocolate is joined with peanut butter to make a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>Reeces Peanut Butter Cup.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>40<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID – A chart that classifies foods into six groups to </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>help people plan a healthy diet</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-When a man wants to prepare balanced meals for his family, what </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>chart would be good for him to study to find out the types of foods and </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>number of servings he should prepare each day? FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>41<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>GAMETE – A sperm cell or an egg cell</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A sperm cell or an egg cell is to the term GAMETE as a boy or girl </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>is to the term child.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>42<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>GENE – A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-The chemicals A G C T make up DNA which is what genes are made of </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>and these make up chromosomes that code for a trait in an organism.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>43<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>GENETICS – The scientific study of heredity</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a person wanted to find out about any hereditary disorders in </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>them she might go to someone who studies GENETICS.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Gregor Mendel and his pea experiments was the scientist who provided </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>information that formed the basis of the study of ___.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>44<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>HABITAT – The place where an organism lives and that provides the things </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the organism needs</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Oceans for fish, forests for birds, and deserts for cacti are all </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>HABITAT<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>for the organisms because they provide the things the organisms need </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>to survive and reproduce.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>45<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>HEREDITY – The passing of traits from parents to offspring</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-People wanting to know what traits they may pass on to their </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>offspring might go to a genetic counselor to ask help in studying HEREDITY </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>patterns in their family.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>46<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>HOMEOSTASIS – The process by which an organism’s internal environment is </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-When an organism’s body produces heat to balance the cold air </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>surrounding itself, the body is trying to reach HOMEOSTASIS.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>47<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>HORMONE – A chemical that affects a plant’s growth and development.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>Also, the chemical product of an endocrine gland that speeds up or slows down </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the activities of an organ or tissue</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If the body processes suddenly speed up or slow down, a doctor might </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>check the HORMONE levels in the organisms to see which chemical is affecting </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the activities.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-The chemicals in your body that are causing you to grow a lot now </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>and to make the maturing development in your body happen are called HORMONE.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>48<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>HOST – An organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>environment for a virus or for another organism to live</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-The AIDS virus must find a T cell in the immune system to be its </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>HOST<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>and give it energy to reproduce.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Mistletoe must live on a tree as its HOST to get what it needs to </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>live.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>49<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>IMMUNE SYSTEM – System of the body that fights disease</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a person if often sick with different diseases and it takes a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>long time to get over each one, a doctor may check the person’s IMMUNE system </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>to solve the problem.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>50<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>INVERTEBRATE – An animal that does not have a backbone</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A new organism is found.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>After the scientist determines it is an </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>animal, she must then determine if it is an INVERTEBRATE or VERTEBRATE.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-An animal is found to be a eukaryote and less complex than a fish </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>because it has not backbone.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>It would be classified as an INVERTEBRATE first.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>51<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MAMMAL – An endothermic vertebrate with a four chambered heart, skin </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>covered with fur or hair, and has young fed with milk from the mother’s body</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-An endothermic vertebrate with a four chambered heart, skin covered </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>with hair, and feeding its young with milk from the mother’s body is found </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>and immediately classified as a MAMMAL.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>52<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MANIPULATED VARIABLE – The one factor that a scientist changes to test a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>hypothesis during an experiment; also called the independent variable</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a student studied how plants grew in different lights by keeping </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>everything around 100 plants the same except the color of light on the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>plants, then the color of the lights would be considered the MANIPULATED </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>VARIABLE.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>53<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MEIOSIS – The process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and egg) by which </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the number of chromosomes is reduced by half</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Mitosis is to body cells and a full number of chromosomes as meiosis </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>is to sex cells with ½ the number of chromosomes in body cells.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>54<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MITOCHONDRIA – Rod-shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>needed to carry out the cell’s function</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-When a cell needs energy to make proteins or bring in materials into </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the cell, the __ is the organelle that produces the energy.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Mitochondria is to energy as ribosome is to protein synthesis.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>55<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MITOSIS – The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>daughter cell</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Mitosis is to body cells and a full number of chromosomes as meiosis </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>is to sex cells with ½ the number of chromosomes in body cells.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>In order to grow, cells must divide and put the same DNA into each </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>new cell.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>This happens during MITOSIS.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>56<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MOLLUSK – An invertebrate with a soft, unsegmented body; most are </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>protected by hard outer shells</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>57<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MULTICELLULAR – A type of organism that is made up of many cells</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Organisms are found to be divided into 2 groups according to the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>number os cells that make them up, unicellular or multicellular.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>58<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>MUSCULAR SYSTEM – System of the body that enables the body to move; moves </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>food through the digestive system; keeps the heart beating</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a person had trouble moving their limbs, and getting food to got </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>through the digestive system, a doctor might do tests on the muscular system, </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>because she might be concerned that the heart might be in danger of irregular </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>beating also.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>59<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>NATURAL SELECTION – The process by which individuals that are better </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>other members of the same species</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-It was observed that in a pond a larger baby fish with good </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>coordination of fins might survive to reproduce more than smaller, less </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>coordinated fish.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>This observation can be explained by the theory of natural </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>selection.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>60<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>NERVOUS SYSTEM – System of the body that detects and interprets </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>information from the environment outside the body and from within the body; </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>controls most body functions</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a dog seems not o notice light, sound, or touch, a vet would </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>probably check the dog’s nervous system for problems.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Eyes, ears, brain, tongue, nose, and finger tips are all organs in </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the nervous system.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>61<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>NONVASCULAR PLANT – A low-growing plant that lacks vascular tissue</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A new plant is found in the jungle of <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:country-region><st1:place>Ecuador</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>It is a very short </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>pant, in a moist area with no stems.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>It would be classified first as a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>nonvascular plant.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>62<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>NUCLEUS – The control center of a cell that directs the cell’s </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>activities; contains the chemical instructions that direct all the cell’s </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>activities and determine the cell’s characteristics</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Teacher is to a class as nucleus is to the cell.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-In order to study a person’s DNA and control activities of a person, </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>a scientist would go to the nucleus of the person’s cells.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>63<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>NUTRIENTS – Substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the body needs to carry out all the essential life processes</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, water and fats are </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>nutrients in foods that provide energy and materials a body needs to grow and </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>be active.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>64<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ORGAN – A structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>tissue</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Atoms and molecules make up cells that make up tissues that make up </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>organs that make up systems that make up and organism.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>65<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ORGANELLE – A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>within the cell</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Ribosome, mitochondria, and lysosomes are all organelles in cells </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>that carry out specific functions in the cell.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>66<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>OSMOSIS – The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>permeable membrane</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Minerals moving through a membrane is called diffusion, but water </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>moving through the membrane is called osmosis.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>67<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>PASSIVE TRANSPORT – The movement of materials through a cell membrane </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>without using energy</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If you observe materials going in and out of a cell without the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>membrane changing shape or energy being used, then you could assume that the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>movement is a type of passive transport.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>68<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>PATHOGEN - An organism that causes disease</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A doctor fins a virus or bacteria in a person that seems to be </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>causing a disease.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The doctor might call the harmful organism a pathogen to </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the body.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>69<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>PHOTOSYNTHESIS – The process by which plants and some other organisms </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>C6H12O6<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>+<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>6O2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>is the formula for </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>photosynthesis.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Stomata, a vascular system and chloroplasts with chlorophyll are all </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>parts of a plant needed for photosynthesis.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>70<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>PROKARYOTE – An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>structures</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A bacterium is a prokaryote because it has no nucleus.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>71<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>PROTEIN – Large organic molecules made of amino acids; they are needed </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>cells</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a person wants to build up their body and repair injuries to the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>their body, they would need to make sure their bodies get the protein </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>nutrient.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-Cells make proteins from amino acids to build and repair cells.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>72<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>PROTIST –</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a scientist finds an organism that can’t be classified in any </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>kingdom it will probably be put into the protist kingdom, especially if it </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>must live a moist environment.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><st1:Street><st1:address>73<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>PUNNETT SQUARE</st1:address></st1:Street> – A chart that shows all the possible combinations of </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>alleles that can result from a genetic cross</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-If a person wants to see what the possible genetic combinations and </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the probability of those combinations happening with different genetic </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>pairings, he might use a punnett square table to see those.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>74<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>REGENERATION – The ability of an organism to regrow body parts</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-A starfish exhibits regeneration when it regrows an arm that is cut </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>off.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>75<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>REPLICATION – The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>nucleus</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>-When a strand of DNA splits apart then brings the A G C T parts to </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>each half to copy itself, the process is called DNA replication.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>76<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>REPRODUCTION – The process by which living things produce new individuals </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>of the same type</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>77<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM – System of the body that produces sex cells that can </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>unite with other sex cells to create offspring; controls male and female </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>characteristics</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>78<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>RESPIRATION – The process by which cells break down simple food molecules </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>to release the energy they contain</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>- C6H12O6<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>+<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>6O2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy is the formula for</FONT></PRE><PRE><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>79<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – System of the body that takes oxygen into the body </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>and eliminates carbon dioxide</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>80<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>RNA – Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>the production of proteins</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>81<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE – A property of cell membranes that allows some </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>substances to pass through, while others cannot</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>82<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>SEXUAL REPRODUCTION – The reproductive process that involves two parents </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>from both parents</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>83<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>SKELETAL SYSTEM – System of the body that supports the body, protects it, </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>and works with the muscles to allow movement; makes blood cells and stores </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>some materials</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Bones make up this system.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The bones work with the muscles to help a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>body move.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>SKELETAL</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>84<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>SKIN – Organ of the body that protects the body, keeps water inside the </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>body, and helps regulate body temperature</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>85<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>SPONGES – An invertebrate animal that has a body like a bag that is </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>pierced all over with openings called pores – PORIFERANS</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>86<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>STIMULANT – A drug that speeds up body processes</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>87<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>SYMMETRY – Balanced arrangement of body parts around a center point or </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>line</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>88<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>TAXONOMIC KEY – A series of paired statements that describe the physical </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>characteristics of different organisms</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>5 previously unknown organisms are found on another planet.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>After </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>observing and measuring all the physical and chemical characteristics of each </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>one, a scientist would then try to find similar organisms.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>She would use a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>table called this that has paired statements describing characteristics.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>TAXONOMIC KEY</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>89<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>TAXONOMY - <SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>The scientific study of how living things are classified</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>If you took a class where all you did was classify things, the course </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>wold probably be called TAXONOMY.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>90<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>TISSUE – A group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>organism</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Atoms and molecules make up cells that make up TISSUES that make up </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>organs that make up systems and make up an organism.</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN></FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>91<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>TOXIN – A poison that can harm an organism</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>92<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>TRAIT – A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>offspring through its genes</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>- Height, eye color, and hair color are called these because they are </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>characteristics that are passed on from parents to offspring thru their </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>genes.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>TRAITS</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>93<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>TRANSPIRATION – The process by which water is lost through a plant’s </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>leaves</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>94<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>TROPISM – The growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>95<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>UNICELLULAR – A type of organism that is made up of a single cell</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>-<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Organisms are found to be divided into 2 groups according to the number </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>of cells that make them up.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The 2 groups are UNICELLULAR and <SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>MULTICELLULAR.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>96<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>VACCINE – A substance used in a vaccination that consists of pathogens </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>into action</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Few people have polio anymore because this was made with the weakened </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>polio pathogen that when put into a body causes the body’s immune system to </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>recognize it and kill it before it affects the body.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>VACCINE</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>97<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>VASCULAR PLANT – A plant that has vascular tissue</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>-<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>Most plants we know have many tubes in them, so they are called </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>VASCULAR plants</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>98<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>VERTEBRATE – An animal with a backbone</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>-These more complex animals have backbones, so they are called VERTEBRATES.</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>99<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>VIRUS – A small, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>inside a living cell</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>-<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Classifying these is difficult because the only thing about it that is </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>like an organism is that it reproduces, and then only when it’s inside a </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>living cell.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>VIRUS</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>100<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ZYGOTE – A fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg</FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>-<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Fertilization makes this that becomes an embryo that becomes a young </FONT></PRE><PRE><FONT size=2>plant or animal.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ZYGOTE</FONT></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE><PRE><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN></PRE><PRE><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN></PRE><PRE><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT size=2> </FONT></SPAN></PRE><PRE><o:p><FONT size=2> </FONT></o:p></PRE> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P> Or, would you like to view and optionally restore one of these previous versions? 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Ms. Linda Taylor Barnett

Life Science Vocabulary

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