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Visit the TeacherWeb® videos to learn about the features, modifications, and customizations available on your website. Click here to learn more. Volleyball Handout small medium large *****HISTORY OF THE GAME*** Volleyball, like basketball, can claim the United States as home. It was invented by DR. WILLIAM G. MORGAN, director of the Holyoke YMCA in MASSACHUSETTS in 1895. Originally called MINONETTE, it was a combination of TENNIS, BASEBALL, and HANDBALL. Morgan liked the idea of hitting a ball back and forth over a net and reasoned that you didn’t need a racquet to do that. Minonette was played with a tennis net raised 6’6” and in inflated basketball bladder. Games consisted of 9 innings with each team having 3 serves per inning. Teams could have unlimited numbers of players and were allowed unlimited hits to return the ball. Dr. Morgan’s goal was to create a leisure activity for generally sedentary businessmen during their lunch break. He wanted an activity that wasn’t too strenuous but still challenging and fun. He never thought it would become a competitive sport. However, it wasn’t long before people saw the possibilities of volleyball as a team sport. Rules changed as players’ skills improved. The height of the net was raised, the number of players on a team was reduced to 6, and rotation was added so each team member played each position in turn. In 1916 consecutive hits (one player hitting the ball twice in a row) were eliminated and in 1920 teams were limited to 3 hits per side. Volleyball reached its present form in 1925. Spiking, digging/bumping, blocking, and overhead serves have been added as new skills but they still remain within the rules. In 1915 it was recommended that volleyball be included in all school and recreational programs and it has been a part of most curriculums since then. The first women’s rules were written in 1924. The height of the net was lowered and rather than playing to 15 points, women played 2, 20 minute halves. “Women are too delicate to take part in the frantic play that would occur at 14-14.” In 1928 the book, Volleyball for Women, contained this advice, “The average college girl will never become an expert in the game.” Volleyball was seen more as an aid in posture, “a corrective exercise for student stoop,” rather than a sport at which a girl could excel. From its beginning as an American pastime, volleyball has gained worldwide popularity. For yeas Asian countries dominated world-class play. Though shorter in stature they concentrated on technique, teamwork, and a never say die attitude that not only made them exciting to watch but successful as well. Volleyball was introduced as an official Olympic sport in 1964 at the summer games in Japan. Volleyball has also moved from the confines of the gymnasium to the numerous beaches around the country. Beach volleyball is especially popular in Southern California and Florida. There is a professional beach volleyball league with prize monies, sponsorships, and some TV exposure. It was added as an Olympic sport in 1996. The height of the net is slightly lower in beach volleyball because of the difficulty jumping off the sand. The court is a bit smaller and there are 2 or 4 players on a side: all male, all female, or co-ed. Players must make adjustments for wind, sun, and a different perspective than indoors. To equalize playing conditions, players change sides of the court after every 5 points. There are different levels of volleyball to fit an individual’s age, skill level, physical condition, and interest. Whether played as a recreational game or a competitive sport, on the beach, on the playground, or in the gymnasium, volleyball provides an opportunity for people to engage in an activity that helps to promote health related fitness. VOLLEYBALL COURT AND POSITION OF PLAYERS The height of the volleyball net varies. For men’s volleyball the top of the net is 8’ above the floor. For women, it is 7’4 ¼” above the floor. For junior high and middle school students the net is normally 7’ from the floor. Positions of players will vary depending upon a Coach’s philosophy and the strengths and weaknesses of the players. Players must hold their receiving positions until the ball is served but can then move to put setters and spikers in better positions. A back row player may come up front and be a setter but may not come up to the net and spike the ball. SKILLS 1. Ready position – feet should be slightly wider than shoulder’s width apart. The knees are slightly “knocked” and bent. Weight is carried on the inside of the balls of the feet. Lean forward from the waist with arms extended away from the body. 2. Footwork – If the ball is one or two steps to the side, use a hop-step to get into correct position. Square to the target before making contact with the ball. If it is necessary to run, use a cross-over step to get moving in the right direction. Run, then use a hop-step to square to the ball before contact. 3. Serving – putting the ball in play. The object of the serve is to put the ball in play so your team can score a point. The server may stand anywhere behind the baseline but within the sidelines. The ball must land on or inside the boundary lines. A serve that touches the net but lands in bounds is called a LET serve but is still in play. If the server steps on or over the line before the ball is struck a FOOT FAULT is called. There are various types of serves: e.g., underhand, side-arm, overhead, round house, and jump. The BEST serve is the one you can consistently get over the net and in bounds. A. Underhand serve - simple, reliable, consistent. It is the easiest serve for beginners to master but also easiest for the other team to return. Stand square to the net, opposite foot forward. Ball rests in your non-striking hand, waist high, in front of back foot. Take striking arm back, swing forward shifting weight forward. Contact ball with heel of your hand. B. Overhead Serve – similar to a tennis serve. The ball travels faster and harder than an underhand serve and is harder for the receiving team to return. It is not as accurate as an underhand serve. Face the net, opposite foot forward. Hold the ball in your non-striking hand, shoulder high, in front of back foot. Coil your striking arm back. Toss the ball about 2’ to 3’ straight into the air. Bring your striking arm forward (similar to throwing a ball form the outfield). Strike the ball when your arm is fully extended, shifting your weight forward. Wrist remains firm. The TOSS is the most important part of the overhead serve. C. Spin – Putting a spin on the ball causes the ball to curve. This makes it harder for the receiving team to return the ball because they’re not sure where the ball is going. Technique is the same as for the overhead serve except you contact the ball off center or pull your hand across the ball to make it spin. D. Floater – Use the same technique as the overhead serve except you cup air behind the ball and/or stop your follow through. This eliminates spin altogether. The ball floats across the net, similar to a knuckleball in baseball. Air currents affect the flight of the ball so the receiving team again is not sure what the ball is going to do. Striking the ball on the valve stem is another way of making the ball “float.” 4. Forearm Pass – used when the ball is below your shoulders. The knees are bent with your strong foot slightly forward. Lean forward at the waist with arms straight (elbows locked) and extended away from the body. Arms should be at a 45 DEGREE ANGLE to the floor. To make a platform from which the ball rebounds, connect your hands, pointing your thumbs towards the floor. The platform is the flattened area of your FOREARMS near your wrists. Hands can be connected one of 5 different ways: wrists pressed together, wrapped fists, interlocked fists, cupped hands, flat hands. The ball should be passed to the setter about 4” to 6” above their head. 5. High/reverse dig – used for balls that are shoulder or head high. Clasp hands as for forearm pass. Keep forearms together. Bring hands to the side of the face. Let the ball rebound off forearms. 6. Overhead set – “FINESSE” skill of volleyball. A set is used to “pass” the ball to a teammate who in turn will spike the ball. The ball should be contacted about 4” to 6” above your head. Fingers and hands are cupped in the shape of the ball. Knees are slightly bent. When you contact the ball extend through the legs, elbows, and wrists. Keep hands and arms extended towards the ceiling until the ball begins to drop. 7. Back set – The back set is similar to an overhead set except right before contact your hips come forward. After contact is made extend your arms upwards and back. This is used to set for a spike behind you or to send the ball over the net when your back is to the net. 8. Drive - low, straight, fast hit that goes directly over the net. Position of the hands is similar to the set but the follow through is straight out instead of up. The drive is similar to the chest pass in basketball and is used to send the all to an empty space on the opposite side. 9. Spike – chief offensive weapon in volleyball. The spike is the hallmark of modern or “power” volleyball. A good spiker can hit the ball between 60 and 70 mph. The ball is hit sharply down to the opponent’s side, trying to “nail the closest player to the floor.” In order to spike the ball you first need a good set that is high and close to the net. Use a TWO – FOOT take off for more control. The spiker’s follow through may extend over the net but the spiker may not make contact with the net or step on or over the center line. A spike that goes directly to the opponent’s floor is called a KILL. 10. Tip – an easy shot that just clears the net or the hands of a blocker. There is no follow through. The tip is used when a front row player has gotten too far away from the net or to clear the hands of a blocker who is expecting a spike. 11. Block – defense against a spike. Use a TWO – FOOT take off, just like in spiking. Jump with arms extended, hands together, fingers spread. TIMING is the mostimportant part of the block. Take off a “split-second” after the spiker jumps. The blocker may not make contact with the net or step on or over the center line. A block does not count as one of a side’s three hits. RULES 1. There are 6 players on a REGULATION team. 2. A game consists of 25 POINTS. A team must win by 2 POINTS. In RALLY SCORING, both the serving and the receiving team can score points. Games are played to 25 points. Teams must still win by 2 points. 3. A server is only allowed ONE TRY to serve the ball successfully over the net. 4. A LET serve, a serve that hits the top of the net but still legally crosses it, is GOOD. 5. The server continues to serve until her team loses possession of the ball (SIDE OUT). 6. A ball that lands on a line is IN or GOOD. 7. A player may not hit the ball 2 times in a row (DOUBLE HIT). 8. A player may not make contact with the net. 9. A player may not step over the centerline. 10. Two people hitting the ball at the same time counts as two hits. Either person may hit the ball next. 11. Touching an out-of-bounds ball before it hits the floors makes it IN or GOOD. 12. Each team is allowed a MAXIMUM of 3 HITS per side until the ball hits the floor, lands out of bounds, or the team commits an error. A BLOCK does not count as one of the 3 hits. ** In class we play with UNLIMITED hits. SIMPLE STRATEGY 1. Call for the ball before you hit it. 2. Talk to your teammates while playing, e.g., call the name of the person you’re passing the ball to. 3. Try to play offensive volleyball – pass and set under control trying to provide opportunities to spike the ball. 4. Pass accurately. Don’t be satisfied just hitting the ball in the air. 5. Try to use all three hits – pass, set, spike. 6. Return the ball to a space, the opposite direction it cam from, or to the weakest player on the other team. 7. If the ball goes over your head, turn around and let the people behind you play it. 8. Know where you are on the court. 9. When using 3 rows, the front row should be no farther than an arm’s length away from the net. The back row should be one step in front of the baseline. The middle row should split the difference. 10. Serve the ball to an open space. 11. Play your position … not everyone else’s. Learn to trust your teammates. VOLLEYBALL VOCABULARY ACE – a serve that results in the direct scoring of a point. BLOCK – a defensive play used against a spike. BUMP – another term for a DIG CARRY – a “held” ball; bal that rests momentarily in the hands, arms, or any other part of the body CLEAN HANDS – hitting the ball correctly; hitting the ball legally COVER – being responsible for a certain area of the court DIG – hitting a low ball with an underhand motion DIRTY HANDS – not hitting the ball correctly; hitting the ball illegally DOUBLE HIT – player hits the ball two times in a row FOLLOW THROUGH – movement of the arms, hands, or body after hitting the ball; should be in the direction you want the ball to go FOOT FOUL – stepping over the baseline while serving OR stepping over the center line FOUL – infraction of the rules JUNGLE BALL – playing volleyball with “dirty hands” KILL – spike that hits the floor LET SERVE - a serve that hits the net, but lands in bounds, serve is good PASS – sending the ball to a teammate POINT – unit of scoring POWER VOLLEYBALL – playing volleyball with “clean hands” RALLEY SCORING – points are scored on each play RECREATIONAL VOLLEYBALL – allowing play with “dirty hands”; only calling the most obvious fouls REFEREE – game official. Stands on a platform outside the court and beside and above the net. ROTATION – movement of the players during a game when a team receives the ball or serving SERVICE – putting the ball in play SET – putt the ball high in the air for a teammate to spike SIDE-OUT- team loses the right to serve SKY BALL – in beach volleyball, a ball that is set high in the air SPIKE – ball hit downward with great force into the opponent’s court; signature skill in volleyball STICKY BALL – a held or carried ball TIP – ball is just tapped over the net or hands of the blocker, “fake spike” THROWING – carrying, not cleanly hitting a ball VOLLEY – continuous action in a game until the ball becomes dead Automatically clean input to optimize for the web. Or, would you like to view and optionally restore one of these previous versions? Password: Forgot your password?

Mr. Faulkner

Volleyball Handout

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