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Test
is on Tuesday, December 13
The American Revolution
Part 1
The Conflict Ignites
The
First 24 Hours
1) Paul
Revere was a metal worker from Boston of French descent.
2) The Revolutionary
War lasted for 8 years.
3) Paul Revere warned Sam
Adams and John Adams
that British troops were on their way to
Concord,
Massachusetts
to investigate a rumored stored pile of ammunition that the colonists had been
stockpiling.
4) Those British troops were led by General
Thomas Gage.
5) The Minute
Men were 1/3 of the colonial militia group.
6) The road to
Concord
went through
Lexington
.
7) The colonial militia
fired on British troops.
8) British troops were also killed
on
Concord
Bridge
.
9) The avenue of the British
retreat was 19 miles from
Concord
to
Boston
.
10) The Brown
Betty was a rifle used by the colonists that was notoriously
inaccurate. (British-made)
11) From 1760 to 1775, the revolution
had been occurring before a drop of blood was drawn at
Lexington
.
Before
the War
1) The 4 major cities in the
colonies were
Philadelphia
,
Boston,
New York
, and
Charlestown
.
2) Each of these cities had
populations of roughly 10,000 each.
3) Rivers
were considered highways, but not all of them connected all the colonies.
4) Ben Franklin created a magazine
called Poor Richard’s Almanac.
5) Slavery
was concentrated in the South where the principal crop was tobacco.
6) The Triangular
Trade route went like this: Rum to England for money, off to Africa to
trade money for slaves, off to the West Indies to trade slaves for molasses,
then back to New England to sell molasses used in the making of rum.
The
Early Enemies
1) To the west of the colonies,
there was conflict with the Indians.
2) The
French and Indian War was a full scale conflict and lasted 5 years.
3) The French and Native Americans
sided against the British in a conflict over the Ohio
River
Valley
which was rich and wild.
4) The 21-year-old
George Washington and Half King come in conflict with the French and
Indians in central
Pennsylvania
.
5) The British, led by James
Wolfe defeat the French in
Quebec City
.
6) British taxes (mostly invisible
ones on imports) cost the Americans $1.20 a year.
7)
London
was going bankrupt and their taxes were 25 times higher than the taxes levied
on the Americans.
Boston
: The Seeds of Revolt.
1)
Boston
was the second largest city in the colonies.
2) The writings of James
Otis (lawyer) spurred on the revolution.
3) Sam
Adams was a professional revolutionary. He was the ‘mouth’ behind the
revolution.
4) The Sugar
Act affected only wealthy distillers.
5) The Stamp
Act affected just about everybody in the colonies. Taxes had to be
paid on all legal documents and newspapers.
6) The Sons
of Liberty, a political action group, was formed by Sam Adams. They
wanted to make it to the top of the political ladder. They were a cunning
mob.
7) Tories
or Loyalists wanted to
remain in the confines of the rules of
England
.
8) Thomas
Hutchinson, the governor of
Massachusetts
was a Loyalist.
9) The colonies would tar and
feather the Tories.
10) King
George III was part of a constitutional monarchy, along with the
Parliament.
11) The British sent troops to
Boston
to protect their tax collectors and collection.
12) In March of 1770, a lone British
sentry was confronted by a mob of colonists on
King Street
. The mob throws ice-balls. A musket shot rings out and Crispus
Attucks, a former slave dies.
13) John
Adams defends the British troops in court.
14) In 1777, colonists dress as Mohawk
Indians and dump 23,000 pounds of tea into
Boston
Harbor.
15) The tax on tea was miniscule. The
essence was that the British
were trying to take control of the colonies.
16) The British decide to close
Boston
Harbor
.
17) Patrick
Henry at a session of the House of Burgesses says, “Taxation without
representation is tyranny.”
The
Oldest Revolutionary
1) Ben Franklin and William
Franklin (his son) typified the split that occurred within families
over the War.
2) Ben
Franklin thought
England
’s laws were too stringent and were suffocating the colonies. We had to break
away.
3) The royal governor of
New Jersey
, William Franklin, was a
staunch loyalist.
Bunker Hill:
The First Great
Battle
1) In late May of 1775, British
reinforcements arrive.
2) General William
Howe, General John Burgoyne,
and General Henry Clinton were
the three main British generals.
3) For the Patriots, General Israel
Putnam was quoted as saying, “Don’t fire until you see the whites of
their eyes.”
4) The British take control of both
Breed’s Hill
and
Bunker Hill,
but lose half of their force.
5) General William
Howe orders three assaults on
Breed’s Hill
. The Americans ran because they had no more gun
powder.
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