Demographics 1. demography – the study of human populations, including their size, growth, density and other statistical information. 2. population – the number of people in a given area (state, city country etc.). 3. population distribution – the entire population from which data is compiled. 4. population density – the average number of people living in a square mile or kilometer. 5. growth rate – percent a population grows per 1000 people. 6. death rate – the number of deaths each year for every 1000 people. 7. birth rate – the number of births each year for every 1000 people. 8. family size – the average size of a family. 9. infant mortality – life span of very young children. 10. life expectancy – average life span of people 11. literacy rate – percentage of adults who can read and write. 12. Per capita Income – average amount of money earned per person each year. 13. gross domestic product (GDP) total amount of money made in a country each year. 14. cartogram – map showing statistical data of a country. 15. population explosion – a sudden growth in population. 16. overpopulation – to increase the population of a place so much that the resources available (food, water, shelter) to support that population is insufficient. 17. population pyramid – a diagram illustrating the breakdown of a population according to age and sex. 18. urbanization – the process of turning rural areas into or part of a city or town. 19. Zero Population Growth – a situation in which the number of new births is no greater than the number of people dying, so that the overall population size remains the same. 20. Urban – relating or belonging to a city. These areas have a high population density. 21. Rural – relating to the country or of country living (farming). These areas have a low population density. 22. Reasons for decline in death rates: a) better nutrition b) greater access to medical care (antibiotics) c) improved sanitation (soap, treated water, sewers) d) more widespread immunization e) a large-scale program of mosquito control — using DDT in tropical regions has reduced fatal cases of malaria. 23. Reasons for decline in birth rates: a) improved standard of living b) increased confidence that your children will survive to maturity c) improved status of women d) increased use of birth control measures 24. Rapid growth population have the following characteristics: a) with high birth rates; b) low life expectancies (where many people die before reaching old age); c) advances in public health have recently reduced infant and childhood mortality d) injuries, starvation, and disease, etc. take a heavy toll throughout life 25. a rich country which is having a baby boom (shapeless, except for lots of 0-4 year olds). 26. a poor country which has had a civil war (pyramid with few in the fighting age). 27. a poor country which has had an epidemic among babies (pyramid with very few babies). 28 a rich country which has excellent health care for senior citizens (shapeless: same # for every age group). 29. a poor country which cut its birth rate nine years ago (pyramid with few 0-4 and 6-9 year olds). 30. a poor country where the workers have migrated to other countries (pyramid with few 15-50 year olds). 31. the U.S. population (lots of seniors, a bulge in the middle, lots of young people, like a fat “t”)