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2007 Chapter 1,  Matter and Change



Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

1. 

Chemistry is
a.
a biological science.
c.
concerned mostly with living things.
b.
a physical science.
d.
the study of electricity.
 

2. 

Chemistry is defined as the study of the composition and structure of materials and
a.
the categories of matter.
c.
the electrical currents in matter.
b.
the changes in matter.
d.
molecules in living things.
 

3. 

Chemistry is the study of all of the following EXCEPT
a.
matter.
c.
energy associated with changes in matter.
b.
changes in matter.
d.
projectile motion.
 

4. 

The branch of chemistry that includes the study of materials and processes that occur in living things is
a.
organic chemistry.
c.
analytical chemistry.
b.
physical chemistry.
d.
biochemistry.
 

5. 

The branch of chemistry that is concerned with the identification and composition of materials is
a.
analytical chemistry.
c.
physical chemistry.
b.
inorganic chemistry.
d.
organic chemistry.
 

6. 

The study of substances containing carbon is
a.
organic chemistry.
c.
nuclear chemistry.
b.
inorganic chemistry.
d.
analytical chemistry.
 

7. 

Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and physical chemistry are NOT
a.
biological sciences.
b.
physical sciences.
c.
quantitative branches of chemistry.
d.
concerned primarily with nonliving things.
 

8. 

The branch of chemistry concerned with the properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter is
a.
inorganic chemistry.
c.
physical chemistry.
b.
analytical chemistry.
d.
theoretical chemistry.
 

9. 

Technology is the
a.
application of chemical principles to predict events.
b.
application of scientific knowledge to solve problems.
c.
study of scientific processes.
d.
analysis of chemical behavior.
 

10. 

An example of technology is the
a.
addition of a side group to an organic molecule during synthesis.
b.
use of a new antibiotic to fight an infection.
c.
measurement of iron concentration in a water sample.
d.
study of atomic fusion reactions.
 

11. 

Basic research is
a.
the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.
b.
carried out to solve a problem.
c.
the identification of the components and composition of materials.
d.
carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge.
 

12. 

Applied research is
a.
the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.
b.
carried out to solve a problem.
c.
the use of mathematics and computers to design and predict the properties of new compounds.
d.
carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge.
 

13. 

Which statement is NOT true about applied research?
a.
It is conducted to meet goals defined by specific needs.
b.
It is usually carried out to solve a practical problem.
c.
It is the study of how and why a specific reaction occurs.
d.
It may not be driven primarily by scientific curiosity or a desire to know.
 

14. 

Which statement is NOT true about basic research?
a.
It is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge.
b.
It is carried out to solve a specific problem.
c.
It is the study of how and why a specific reaction occurs.
d.
It may be driven by scientific curiosity alone.
 

15. 

Matter includes all of the following EXCEPT
a.
air.
c.
smoke.
b.
light.
d.
water vapor.
 

16. 

A physical property may be investigated by
a.
melting ice.
c.
allowing silver to tarnish.
b.
letting milk turn sour.
d.
burning wood.
 

17. 

Chemical properties
a.
include changes of state of a substance.
b.
include mass and color.
c.
include changes that alter the identity of a substance.
d.
can be observed without altering the identity of a substance.
 

18. 

An example of an extensive physical property is
a.
mass.
c.
color.
b.
density.
d.
boiling point.
 

19. 

Which of the following is an intensive physical property?
a.
volume
c.
color
b.
length
d.
mass
 

20. 

The melting of candle wax is classified as a physical change because it
a.
produces no new substances.
b.
transfers energy.
c.
absorbs heat.
d.
changes the chemical properties of wax.
 

21. 

An example of a chemical change is
a.
sanding wood.
c.
milk going sour.
b.
melting ice.
d.
vaporizing gasoline.
 

22. 

The state of matter in which a material is most likely to resist compression is the
a.
solid state.
c.
gaseous state.
b.
liquid state.
d.
vaporous state.
 

23. 

The state of matter in which a material has definite shape and definite volume is the
a.
liquid state.
c.
gaseous state.
b.
solid state.
d.
vaporous state.
 

24. 

A substance classified as a fluid contains particles that
a.
quickly expand into any available space.
b.
are held in fixed positions.
c.
may slide past each other.
d.
are very far from each other.
 

25. 

The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but no definite shape is the
a.
gaseous state.
c.
frozen state.
b.
solid state.
d.
liquid state.
 

26. 

Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are
a.
closely packed.
c.
held in fixed positions.
b.
very far from each other.
d.
able to slide past each other.
 

27. 

A list of pure substances could include
a.
bread dough.
c.
vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
b.
vinegar (5% acetic acid).
d.
sea water.
 
 
2007c1matter-change_files/i0290000.jpg
 

28. 

The homogeneous mixture in the illustration above is in container
a.
a.
c.
c.
b.
b.
d.
d.
 

29. 

Physical means can be used to separate
a.
elements.
c.
mixtures.
b.
pure substances.
d.
compounds.
 
 
2007c1matter-change_files/i0320000.jpg
 

30. 

Which part of the illustration above shows the particles in a heterogeneous mixture?
a.
a
c.
c
b.
b
d.
d
 
 
2007c1matter-change_files/i0340000.jpg
 

31. 

Group ____ in the figure above contains only metals.
a.
2
c.
17
b.
13
d.
18
 

32. 

Based on their location in the figure above, oxygen and selenium have
a.
the same number of neutrons.
c.
similar properties.
b.
the same conductivity.
d.
the same number of electron orbitals.
 

33. 

Use the figure above. Which element has properties most similar to those of sodium?
a.
boron
c.
sulfur
b.
calcium
d.
nitrogen
 

34. 

Based on its location in the figure above, you could infer that ____ is very unreactive.
a.
Ca
c.
Si
b.
P
d.
Ar
 

35. 

Based on their location in the figure above, boron and antimony might be good elements to use as
a.
semiconductors.
c.
construction materials.
b.
fuels.
d.
catalysts.
 

36. 

The most useful source of chemical information about the elements is a
a.
calculator.
c.
periodic table.
b.
table of metric equivalents.
d.
table of isotopes.
 

37. 

A horizontal row of blocks in the periodic table is called a(n)
a.
group.
c.
family.
b.
period.
d.
octet.
 

38. 

A vertical column of blocks in the periodic table is called a(n)
a.
group.
c.
property.
b.
period.
d.
octet.
 

39. 

The elements that border the zigzag line in the periodic table are
a.
inactive.
c.
metalloids.
b.
metals.
d.
nonmetals.
 

40. 

Which statement is NOT true of most metalloids?
a.
They are used in computers and calculators.
b.
They are semiconductors of electricity.
c.
They are generally unreactive.
d.
They have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.
 



 
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