Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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All
of the following describe a unit EXCEPT a. | a unit compares what is being measured with a previously
defined size. | b. | a unit is usually preceded by a
number. | c. | a unit is usually not important in finding a solution to a
problem. | d. | the choice of unit depends on the quantity being
measured. | | |
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2.
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The
metric unit for length that is closest to the thickness of a dime is the a. | micrometer. | c. | centimeter. | b. | millimeter. | d. | decimeter. | | | | |
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3.
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A
quantity that describes the concentration of matter is a. | weight. | c. | volume. | b. | density. | d. | mass. | | | | |
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4.
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The
unit m3 measures a. | length. | c. | volume. | b. | mass. | d. | density. | | | | |
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5.
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The
SI base unit for time is the a. | day. | c. | minute. | b. | hour. | d. | second. | | | | |
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6.
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A
true statement about mass is that a. | mass is often measured with a spring
scale. | b. | mass is expressed in pounds. | c. | as the force of
Earth's gravity on an object increases, the object's mass increases. | d. | mass is
determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a
balance. | | |
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7.
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To
determine density, the quantities that must be measured are a. | mass and
weight. | c. | volume and
concentration. | b. | volume and weight. | d. | volume and mass. | | | | |
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8.
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The
density of pure diamond is 3.5 g/cm3. The mass of a diamond is 0.25 g. Find its
volume. a. | 0.071
cm3 | c. | 3.5
cm3 | b. | 0.875 cm3 | d. | 14 cm3 | | | | |
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9.
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A
measurement is said to have good precision if it a. | agrees closely with an accepted
standard. | b. | agrees closely with other measurements of the same
quantity. | c. | has a small number of significant
figures. | d. | has a large number of significant
figures. | | |
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10.
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If
some measurements agree closely but differ widely from the actual value, these measurements
are a. | neither precise
nor accurate. | b. | accurate, but not precise. | c. | acceptable as a
new standard of accuracy. | d. | precise, but not accurate. | | |
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11.
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When
applied to scientific measurements, the words accuracy and precision a. | are used
interchangeably. | c. | can cause
uncertainty in experiments. | b. | have limitations. | d. | have distinctly different meanings. | | | | |
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12.
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To
two significant figures, the measurement 0.0255 g should be reported as a. | 0.02
g. | c. | 0.026
g. | b. | 0.025
g. | d. | 2.5 ´ 102
g. | | | | |
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13.
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The
number of significant figures in the measurement 210 cm is
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14.
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Three
samples of 0.12 g, 1.8 g, and 0.562 g are mixed together. The combined mass of all three samples,
expressed to the correct number of significant figures, should be recorded as a. | 2.4
g. | c. | 2.482
g. | b. | 2.48
g. | d. | 2.5
g. | | | | |
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15.
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The
sum of 314.53 km and 32 km is correctly expressed as a. | 346
km. | c. | 346.53
km. | b. | 346.5
km. | d. | 347
km. | | | | |
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16.
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The
speed of light is 300 000 km/s. In scientific notation, this speed is a. | 3 ´ 105
km/s. | c. | 3.0 ´ 106
km/s. | b. | 3.00 ´ 105 km/s. | d. | 3.00 ´ 106 km/s. | | | | |
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17.
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An
analytical balance can measure mass to the nearest 1/10 000 of a gram, 0.0001 g. In scientific
notation, the accuracy of the balance would be expressed as a. | 1.0 ´
10–3 g. | c. | 1 ´ 104
g. | b. | 1 ´ 103
g. | d. | 1 ´
10–4 g. | | | | |
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18.
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When
1.92 ´
10–6 kg is divided by 6.8 ´ 102 mL, the quotient in kg/mL equals a. | 2.8 ´
10–4. | c. | 2.8 ´
10–8. | b. | 2.8 ´ 10–5. | d. | 2.8 ´ 10–9. | | | | |
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19.
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The
capacity of a Florence flask is 250 mL. Its capacity in liters expressed in scientific notation
is a. | 2.5 ´
10–2 L. | c. | 2.5 ´ 101
L. | b. | 2.5 ´
10–1 L. | d. | 2.5 ´ 102
L. | | | | |
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20.
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Two
variables are inversely proportional if their ____ has a constant value. a. | sum | c. | product | b. | difference | d. | quotient | | | | |
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Short Answer
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21.
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What
are the first steps scientists take to analyze the cause of a disease?
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22.
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Note
the differences between qualitative and quantitative observations.
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23.
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Compare and contrast a model with a written theory.
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24.
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How
is a theory different from a hypothesis?
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25.
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Explain why pictures of atoms and molecules are models.
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26.
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What
would be the most appropriate SI unit for expressing the mass of a single brick?
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27.
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Why
are only seven basic SI units needed to express almost any measured quantity?
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28.
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Give
an example to show how SI units can be adjusted to measure the mass, length, or volume of very small
or very large objects.
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29.
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Distinguish between mass and weight.
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30.
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Distinguish between precision and accuracy.
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31.
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Explain the importance of significant figures when working with measurements and
calculated quantities based on actual measurements.
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32.
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In a
calculation based on measured quantities, why must the number of significant figures in the result be
limited?
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Essay
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33.
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Why
should a scientist record all observations, even those that appear insignificant?
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34.
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Evaluate the models in the figure above. Describe any ways that the models differ from
the real objects.
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Mass and
Volume Data | Sample | Mass | Volume | 1 | 6.02 g | 2.23 mL | 2 | 18.42
g | 2.34 mL | 3 | 35.15
g | 3.10 mL | | | |
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35.
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Explain how the samples in the table above could be identified.
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