~~~DAILY SCIENCE~~~
Day 1: What is science?
Day 2: Diagram the scientific method.
Day 3: What was the most important scientific discoverY or invention? Explain
your answer.
Day 4: For a cell phone, list 3 intended benefits and 3 unintended
consequences.
Day 5: Yolanda breaks her arm and must wear a cast for 6 weeks. Is the cast
assistive or adaptive bioengineering or both? Explain.
Day 6: Thomas Huxley wrote: "Science is nothing but trained and organized
common sense." Relate this quote to the scientific method.
Day 7: Explain the difference between classification and taxonomy.
Day 8: Name the 6 kingdoms and give 2 characteristics of each.
Day 9: Use dichotomous key to ID 5 animal tracks.
Day 10: If mermaids really existed, would they be classified as mammals or as
fish? Why?
Day 11: Construct a cladogram using data provided.
Day 12: A cereal box has a mass of 300g. Its dimensions are 20cm x 30cm x
5cm. What is the box's volume? Its density?
Day 13: List at least 5 ways an animal can avoid becoming prey to a predator?
Day 14: Explain the difference between fragmentation and regeneration.
Day 15: Are humans predators or prey? Explain your answer.
Day 16: What adaptations would organisms living in your refrigerator need to
thrive and to reproduce?
Day 17: The cockroach originated over 250 MYA and still thrives worldwide. A
giant 2 meter tall deer appeared <1 MYA and became extinct ~11,000 YA. Why
did one survive while the other perished?
Day 18: A predator repeatedly avoids prey that is red in colour. Explain why
the predator would exhibit this behaviour.
Day 19: Is it a fossil? (ID 12 items)
Day 20: "The present is the key to the past." How can studying the present
reveal the story of Earth's history?
Day 21: Describe the fossil record of your own life that might be found 65
million years from now. [List at least 5 items that might be found. List at
least 5 items that would decay and disappear.]
Day 22: Geologic Time (Pre-Lab): 1) How many million are in a billion? 2)
Timeline 4.56 m long represent 4.56 billion yrs. a) How long would 1 billion
yrs be on a timeline? b) How many yrs would 100 cm represent? c) How many yrs
would 1 cm represent? 3) Draw a line that is 1 cm long.
Day 23: Paleontologists think modern humans have lived on Earth for ~150,000 -
200,000 yrs. If we imagine the history of Earth to be the length of one
calendar year, on which date and time do you think modern humans arrived?
Day 24: Why is the sky blue?
Day 25: If you were asked to describe an orange to someone who had never seen
or tasted an orange, what would you tell that person?
Day 26: Mercury (II) oxide is a bright red or orange-red compound. It's
odourless and is a crystalline solid at room temperature. This compound
decomposes to form mercury and oxygen gas when exposed to light or is heated
to 500 degrees Celsius. It dissolves in nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, but
it's insoluble in water. [Underline chemical properties, circle physical
properties.]
Day 27: D = m/V m = DV V = m/D density of lead = 11.35 g/cm3 density
of mercury = 13.55 g/cm3 Work problems 1-3, page 191.
Day 28: Compare and contrast homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Give 3
examples of each.
Day 29: The density of a fresh egg is about 1.2 g/ml and the density of a
spoiled egg is about 0.9 g/ml. Which egg would float in water? Would you
eat that egg?
~~~VOCABULARY~~~
ENGINEERING: process of creating technology
HYPOTHESIS: an explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific
problem that can be tested
SCIENTIFIC METHOD: orderly technique for scientific thought - observation of
nature, formulate question, formulate hypothesis, experiment/research/observe
(test), analyze, conclude/communicate
TECHNOLOGY: use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems and
needs, especially in industry and commerce
LAW: statement of fact meant to describe an action or set of actions,
generally accepted as universal and true, and can sometimes be expressed in
terms of a single mathematical equation.
MODEL: pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the
structure or workings of an object, system, or concept
THEORY: explanation of a set of related observations or phenomena based upon
porven hypotheses and verified multiple times by detached groups of
researchers
BIOENGINEERING: application of engineering to living things, such as humans
and plants
ADAPTIVE BIOENGINEERING: engineering that results in a product/process that
changes living organisms
ASSISTIVE BIOENGINEERING: engineering that results in a product/process that
helps living organisms without permanently changing them
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS: process of determining whether the cost of doing
something is worth the benefit provided
CLASSIFICATION: systematic grouping of organisms into categories based on
similar evolutionary or structural characteristics/relationships
DICHOTOMOUS KEY: a key for identification of organisms based on a series of
paired choices
EUKARYA: domain made up of all organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and
organelles; includes kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
ARCHAEA: domain made up of prokaryotes, most of which live in extreme
conditions (also known as Kingdom Archaeabacteria)
PROTISTA: kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotes ("garbage-can kingdom")
FUNGI: kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms without movement,
reproduce generally by spores, getting food from dead/decaying organic matter
PLANTAE: kingdom whose members are complex, multi-cellular heterotrophic
eukaryotes, lacking a cell wall, can move about at some point in life cycle,
and can respond quickly to environmental changes
ANIMALIA: kingdom composed of eukaryotic, autotrophic, complex, multi-
cellular organisms containing chlorophyll, with cells walls of cellulose,
cannot move about, and are photosynthetic
SPECIES: group of similar organisms whose members can mate with one another
and produce viable, fertile offspring
ADAPTATION: characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive
and reproduce in a particular environment
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: reproduction in which a single parent produces
offspring genetically identical to itself
NATURAL SELECTION: process by which individuals that are better adapted to
their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well-
adapted members
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: reproduction that results in genetically unique
offspring, receiving half its genetic material from each of 2 parent organisms
TRAIT: a genetically determined characteristic or condition
FOSSIL: trace or remains of ancient organism, commonly preserved in
sedimentary rock
INDEX FOSSIL: fossil used to establish rock layer's age because that fossil
is distinct, abundant, and widespread, and the species that formed it existed
only for a short span of geologic time
PALEONTOLOGY: study of ancient life forms, especially as seen in fossils
BIODIVERSITY: number and variety of organisms in a given area during
specific time period
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE: natural resource which cannot replenish itself in
less than 100 years
POLLUTION: introduction of harmful substances or products into the
environment
RECYCLING: conservation method in which substances are reused in forms
different from the original
RENEWABLE RESOURCE: natural resource that is able to replenish itself within
100 years; natural resource that replenishes itself about as quickly as it is
used
ATOM: smallest unit of an element that maintains its chemical properties
CHANGE OF STATE: change of a substance from one physical state to another
CHEMICAL CHANGE: change in matter that produces a new substance with new
chemical properties
CHEMICAL PROPERTY: property of matter that describes a substance's ability to
participate in chemical reactions, depending upon the arrangement of atoms
CONDENSATION: change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid, either by
cooling or by being subjected to increased pressure
EVAPORATION: change of a liquid into a vapour at any temperature below its
boiling point
GAS: state of matter with no definite shape nor volume
LIQUID: state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape
MASS: measure of the number of atoms in an object per unit of volume;
property of matter that measures its resistance to acceleration (change in
motion)
MATTER: anything that has mass and volume
PHYSICAL CHANGE: change that alters the form or appearance of a material but
does not make it into a different substance chemically
PHYSICAL PROPERTY: characteristic of a substance that does not involve a
chemical change
SOLID: state of matter in which the volume and shape are fixed
STATES OF MATTER: the physical forms of matter which include solid, liquid,
and gas (also: [PLASMA: super-heated atoms consisting of free electrons and
ions of the element] and [BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES: atoms only a few
billionths of a degree above absolute zero where nearly all molecular motion
ceases])
WEIGHT: measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object
ATOMIC MASS: the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units; total number
of an atom’s protons & neutrons
ATOMIC NUMBER: number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
BOILING: change from a liquid to a gas (vapour), occurring when the vapour
pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure
BOYLE'S LAW: law stating the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the
pressure of a gas when temperature is constant
CHARLES'S LAW: law stating the volume of a gas is directly proportional to
the temperature of a gas when pressure is constant
ELECTRON: subatomic particle having a negative charge
ION: a charged atomic particle formed when an atom or atom group gains or
loses one or more electrons
ISOTOPE: any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same
number of protons (atomic number) but having different numbers of neutrons
(atomic mass)
NEUTRON: subatomic particle having no charge, atomic mass ~ of a proton, and
found in the nucleus
NUCLEUS: positively charged central area of an atom composed of protons and
neutrons, possessing most of the mass but very little of the volume
PRESSURE: amount of force exerted per unit of area of a surface
PROTON: positively charged subatomic particle found in an atomic nucleus,
having a mass of 1 AMU (1836 times that of an electron)
SOLUBILITY: ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given
temperature and pressure
SOLUTE: the substance that dissolves in the solvent
SOLUTION: homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances uniformly dispersed
throughout a single phase (solid, liquid, gas)
SOLVENT: in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves
SUBLIMATION: process in which a solid changes directly into a gas
SUSPENSION: mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly
dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas
TEMPERATURE: a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an
object
VISCOSITY: resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
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