investigations : building a circuit
electricity and compases
electromagnets and nails
Part I Vocabulary (Matching)
1. Parallel circuit- A circuit that has more than one path along which current can travel.
2. Series circuit- A circuit that has only one path for current.
3. Circuit- The path that is made for an electric current.
4. Electric cell- A battery that supplies energy to move charges through a circuit.
5. Conductor- A material that electric current can pass through easily.
6. Insulator- A material that current cannot pass through easily.
7. Resistor- A material that resists the flow of current but doesn’t stop it.
8. Magnet- An object that attracts certain materials such as iron or steel.
9. Magnetic poles- The end of a magnet.
10. Magnetic field- The space all around a magnet where the force of the magnet can act.
11. Electromagnet- An arrangement of wire wrapped around a core producing a temporary magnet.
12. Charge- A measurement of the extra positive or negative particles that an object has.
13. Static electricity-An electric charge that stays on an object.
14. Electric field- The space around an object in which electric forces occur.
15. Electric current- A flow of electric charges.
Part II Science Concepts and Understanding (Multiple Choice)
· What charge does an object have if it has more negative particles than positive particles?
Negative charge
· What happens when two objects have the same charge?
(Both objects are positive or both objects are negative)
They repel each other.
• What does copper wire do in a circuit?
It conducts electricity.
· Where is a bar magnet’s pull the strongest?
At both poles.(North and South)
· Where do magnets attract each other?
At opposite poles.
•What do electromagnets in motors cause?
Motion.
• Which is NOT a good way to control an electromagnet?
Heat or cool it.
· What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit? (Be able to look at a picture and identify whether a circuit is a series or parallel circuit and how one burnt out bulb would affect the circuit. Look at page E- 98)
Series circuit- has one path.
Parallel circuit- has more than one path.
Part III Critical Thinking (Short Answer)
· What two magnets make a compass work?
1) Earth is like a giant magnet and the compass has a magnet in its needle.
2) The north-seeking pole of the compass is attracted to the Earth’s North Pole.
· In what two ways are electricity and magnetism alike? (choose 2)
1) Both produce a force that can pull or push things without touching them.
2) Both have opposite “states”. Electricity-has positive and negative charge. Magnetism- has North seeking and South seeking poles.
3) Electricity and magnetism have opposites that attract and like forces that repel.
Part IV Process Skills Application
(Long Answer-Explain in Sentences!!)
· What will happen to a compass when placed next to an electromagnet that is switched on?
The compass needle will turn because the electromagnet produces a magnetic field that interferes with the compass.
•Be able to look at a picture of the magnetic fields of two bar magnets.
1) Label the poles and explain whether the magnetic field shows whether the magnets attract or repel.
2) Look on page E-103
•Which of the two pictures shows a better plan for investigating whether or not a circuit switch works? Explain your answer.
Picture A. The bulb will help indicate a change in the circuit. Picture B won’t work because of the empty socket.
Unit E - Chapter 2 Heat-Energy on the Move
Experiments, Investigations, Demonstrations
candle making the fan turn: convection
solar cooker and making s'mores: solar radiation and thermometer reading practice
balloons and lamps: practice measuring in centimeters, observing the volume of gas change, heat expands matter
Part 1 Vocabulary-(matching)
1. Energy - The ability to cause a change.
2. Fuel – Any material that can burn.
3. Solar energy – Energy given off by the sun.
4. Temperature – The measure of the average energy of motion
of particles in matter.
5. Thermal energy – The measure of the total energy of motion of particles in matter.
6. Heat – The process of transferring thermal energy.
7. Radiation – The transfer of bundles of energy
that move through empty space.
8. Infrared radiation – Bundles of energy that transfer heat.
9. Conduction – The transfer of thermal energy
from particles bumping into each other.
10. Convection – The transfer of thermal energy by
hot particles moving in a liquid or gas.
Part II Concepts and Understanding (multiple choice)
Be able to tell which activity uses the most energy. (jumping, writing, shouting, thinking)
Air temperature rises when the particles in the air move faster.
Particles in water move fastest when the water is boiling.
Particles in water move slowest when the water is frozen.
When you add hot water to cold water, the cold water warms up because of convection.
Sunshine transfers heat through infrared radiation.
Thermal energy can be transferred through conduction from one piece of matter to another only if the two pieces are touching.
Solar energy heats water flowing through panels by infrared radiation.
Matching
Be able to identify three pictures showing conduction, convection and radiation. (stove burner with a pan, campfire, microwave oven)
Part III Critical Thinking (short answers in sentences)
Does the same amount of water take up the most space as ice, as liquid water, or as water vapor? Why?
Water takes up the most space as water vapor because the particles of water are moving fastest when they are heated to become water vapor.
Why are most cooking pans made of metal, but the handles of the pans are made of wood?
The handle of the pan is made of wood because wood is an insulator and will protect your hand from the heat of the metal pan. The pan is made of metal because metal conducts heat for faster cooking.
What type of clothing should you wear to stay warm in cold temperatures? How does it help?
You should wear clothing that is a good insulator to reduce the amount of heat your body gives off.
Part IV Process Skills Application (short answers in sentences)
Identify the picture that shows air particles moving the fastest.
Air particles move faster on a warm sunny day.
How can you measure the average energy of motion of the particles of matter in a glass of water?
The average energy of motion is measured with a thermometer.
The second time you measure the temperature of a glass of water, the temperature has increased. What can you infer has happened?
Thermal energy was added to the water so the water warmed up.
The temperature of two glasses of water is 35º C. One glass has 200mL of water and the other glass has 500mL of water. Which glass of water has more thermal energy? Why?
The 500mL of water has more thermal energy because it has more particles of matter.