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- General Classroom Guidance / General Academic information
- Book report notes 2/7/08
- Transitive & Intransitive Verbs (12/3 notes)
- Notes on Adverbs 12/12/07
- Information on nouns, proper nouns:
- What do the Reading and English spirals contain? / Information on vocabulary
- List of conjunctions to remember with "FANBOYS" and use of semicolon
- What are the most common helping verbs discussed? revisited 11/28
- How do I mark sentences to show subjects and predicates?
- Subject / verb agreement notes 3/26/08 compound subjects 4/2/08
- Information on pronouns
- Information on adjectives and articles (10/23 notes)
- How should I annotate in the Interactive Reader
- Action verbs & Linking verbs (11/27 notes) More on helping verbs (11/28 notes)
- Poetry vocabulary / Storytelling 5/1/08
- Information on Prepositions - 12/18/07
- Preposition notes 1/15/08
- What kinds of conflict do we note in stories?
- Notes on clauses - independent and subordinate clauses 1/28/08
- Complex sentences notes 2/4 & Compound complex sentences 2/11
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General Classroom Guidance / General Academic information
Only write on the front of the paper. Always go to another piece of paper
and then staple together. You may use pencil or pen,whichever you like as
long as it is blue or black ink. Always bring your book every day. You
never know when you may need it.
Lack of preparation: If you do not have your homework, I will often have you
call your parent so that they will be aware that you did not complete the
assignment.
There are not any extra credit assignments, however
assignments may be corrected for a 70 or for 5 extra points.
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Book report notes 2/7/08
10 part report - Cover & back will be laminated
1. Cover page:
Include a drawing of your character, the title of the biography, the author
of the biography and your name. Do not use pictures from the internet.
2. Page 1: background information
Tell the date and place where your character was born and raised. Don’t
include too many family details or details about habits and hobbies that
don’t have anything to do with their later work. Describe the early life of
your character. Tell about what kind of person he or she was. What was it
about your character that helped him or her to succeed? Did your character
know what he or she wanted to become in the future? How did your character
prepare for his or her future?
3. Page 2:Tell about the work your character did. Tell why his or her
contribution was important, why the work was important. Did he or she invent
something or teach others? How did he or she change the world? What lasting
effects did your character have on the lives of others?
4. page 3: What should we all know about your character? How do we benefit
today from him or her? What do you think was the most impressive thing about
your character?
5. Page 4:Tell how your character has inspired you. In what ways would you
like to be him or her?
6. page 5: Write a 3 day diary from your character(timeline)
7. page 6: Include a letter from your person to someone he/she knew.
8. page 7: Include a FAQ page - 10 questions with answers
9. page 8: Include a book review
10. page 9: Bibliography - where you obtained the information.
11. page 10: Optional additional information: any other exciting information
about your person that you wish to share.
DUE MARCH 11,2008
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Transitive & Intransitive Verbs (12/3 notes)
Transitive verb - verb that expresses an action toward a person, place,
thing or idea (noun.)
A transitive verb takes the action from the doer (noun,& subject) to the
receiver of the action (noun & object.)
The receiver is called the OBJECT of the transitive verb.
Example: Sam greeted the people.
SAM is subject which is a noun.
GREETED is the transitive verb.
PEOPLE is the noun which is the object of the transitive verb.
Intransitive verb - expresses action without the action passing to a
receiver or object.
Example:
The candy melted.
Last night, we ate on the patio.
Be careful of CONTEXT.
The children play games. transitive
The children play noisily in the yard. intransitive
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Notes on Adverbs 12/12/07
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or another adverb.
Adverbs answer the following questions:
where? when? how? how often? to what extent? how long? how much?
How? The runner ran swiftly. (swiftly is adverb modifying the verb, ran.)
when? I read my homework late on Thursday. (late is adverb modifying
verb,read)
Where and when? Put the peaches there, and we will eat them later. (there is
adverb modifying verb, put and later is adverb modifying verb phrase, will
eat.)
Common adverbs:
where: away, here, inside, there, up
when: later, now, soon, then, tomorrow
how: clearly, easily, quietly, slowly
how often or how long: often, always, usually, continuously, never, forever,
briefly
to what extent, how much: almost, too, more, least, extremely, quite, not,
very
Adverbs often end in -ly.
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Information on nouns, proper nouns:
Proper nouns name a particular person, place, thing or idea and start with a
capital letter. A common noun is not usually capitalized and refers to a
general person, place, thing or idea.
common noun vs. proper noun examples:
boy, Brian
writer, R. L. Stine
country, China
monument, Statue of Liberty
religion, Christian
language, French
city El Paso
Mark nouns with n. Mark proper nouns with pn. Notice that many proper nouns
consist of more than one word.
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What do the Reading and English spirals contain? / Information on vocabulary
READING 3 subject spiral-
section 1 Vocabulary,
section 2 Reading Response,
section 3 Notes
ENGLISH 3 subject spiral -
section 1 DOL (Daily Oral Language),
section 2 Daily Journal,
section 3 English notes
One subject spiral: Journal (numbered entries)
Vocabulary from the interactive reader / literature book should be done in
the spiral and should include the definition of the word that is appropriate
to the story and use of the word in a sentence. The sentence should have at
least 7 words and should be divided and marked as instructed. (See how do I
mark sentences FAQ)
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List of conjunctions to remember with "FANBOYS" and use of semicolon
Remember conjunctions with FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Mark as conj. in sentences.
The semicolon ; can be used between two independent clauses in place
of "and."
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What are the most common helping verbs discussed? revisited 11/28
am, are, is, been, being, be, was, were, do, does, did, has, have, had, can,
could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should.
Mark as hv in sentences.
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How do I mark sentences to show subjects and predicates?
Always use / between complete subject and complete predicate, one line under
complete subject, two lines under complete predicate. Mark simple subject
(generally one word) or compound subject (watch for conjunction) and simple
predicate (verb or verb phrase)or compound verb. On homework, on paper
or in spiral: ALWAYS Write sentence! Skip lines to provide space for marking
sentences! Only write on front of paper!
Label nouns(n), proper nouns(pn), pronouns (pron), verbs(v), helping verbs
(hv), verb phrase(vp), simple subject (ss), simple predicate (sp), compound
subject(cs) and compound verbs(cv) and note conjunction (conj) joining
compound subjects or compound verbs.
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Subject / verb agreement notes 3/26/08 compound subjects 4/2/08
- A verb should agree in number with its subject.
- A singular subject takes a singular verb:
The cloud fills the sky. Sam begins his homework.
- Plural subjects take plural verbs:
The giraffes run fast. The families move into the neighborhood.
Notice: often PLURAL SUBJECTS end in "s" and often SINGULAR VERBS end
in "s"
Not all subjects and verbs follow the "s" rule.
People (plural) talk.
Geese (plural) hiss.
Listen to context:
Rain splashes.
Night falls.
Compound subjects using the "and" conjunction usually take a plural verb.
Dogs and cats are my favorite pets.
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Information on pronouns
Pronouns - mark as pron. in sentences.
1. Personal pronouns:
1st person, singular: I, me, my, mine. plural: we, ours, us, our
2nd person singular: you, your, yours. plural: you, your, yours
3rd person singular: he, she, him, her, hers, his, it, its.
plural: theirs, they, them, their.
2. Reflexive & 3. Intensive: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves,
himself, herself, itself, themselves
Reflexive- refers to the subject and is necessary to the meaning of the
sentence. Mary enjoys herself at school.
Intensive - emphasizes a noun and is not necessary to the meaning of the
sentence. I, myself, love to eat pizza.
4. Demonstrative pronouns - points out a person, place, thing or idea: this,
that, these, those
Antecedent - the word or word group that a pronoun stands for.
5. Interrogative pronouns - introduce questions: what, which, who, whom,
whose
6. Indefinite pronouns - refer to a person, place, thing or idea that may
not be specifically named: all, any, anyone, each, either, everything, few,
many, more, most, much, nobody, somebody, no one,, none, one, other,
several, some.
7. Relative pronouns - introduce a subordinate clause. example: George
Washington, who crossed the Delaware River, was our country's first
president. (who is the relative pronoun.)
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Information on adjectives and articles (10/23 notes)
Adjective - modifies (describes) a noun or a pronoun.
What kind? How many? Which one or ones? How much?
What kind?
examples: hair is noun. long hair, curly hair.
Which one or ones?
seventh grade
Demonstrative adjectives: these countries, any book
How many?
six children, no books
Sometimes an adjective comes after the noun it modifies.
A man, kind and helpful, gave us directions. (adjectives: kind, helpful)
The most commonly used adjectives are the following articles:
a, an, the
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How should I annotate in the Interactive Reader
In Interactive reader, annotate literary elements: setting (note
changes), characters and character analysis (description of how characters
look and feel), cause and effect (mother's concern for
injury causes her to not want son to take art class.),
conflict (man vs. man, man vs. environment, man vs. self), context clues for
unfamiliar words, sequencing (what order events occur), drawing conclusions,
fact vs. opinion, flashback (what a character remembers that has happened
before), foreshadowing and inference of what will happen next, irony, point
of view (1st person, 2nd person), plot(rising action, climax, falling
action, resolution., theme (what is the message?), tone or mood.
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Action verbs & Linking verbs (11/27 notes) More on helping verbs (11/28 notes)
A verb expresses action or a state of being.
I. Action verb - either physical or mental
physical example:
The bear GROWLED.
The track star RAN a great race.
mental example -
She THOUGHT about it all day.
I WISHED for a new ipod.
II. A linking verb is a verb that expresses a state of being. A linking
verb connects or links the subject to a word or word group that identifies
or describes the subject.
FORMS OF BE VERBS (not an all inclusive list!)
am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, had been, will be, shall be,
may be, might be, can be, should be, would be, could have been
OTHER (less obvious) linking verbs
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn
Note: Some words can be used as either action verbs or linking verbs
depending on how they are used in the sentence.
Kurt looked down the field. (action)
Kurt looked pale. (linking)
HELPING VERBS
A helping verb helps the main verb express action (do something)
A verb phrase contains at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs.
Examples: Many people in Asia / can speak several languages.
adj N(subj) prep PN hv v adj N
verb phrase
The ball / should have been caught by the nearest player.
art N hv hv hv v prep art adj N
------verb phrase--
Some verbs can be either a helping verb or a main verb depending on how it
is used in a sentence:
Do your homework! (do is the main verb)
Do you like pizza? (do is helping the main verb, like. "do like" is the v.
phrase)
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Poetry vocabulary / Storytelling 5/1/08
Storytelling - common elements of oral tradition
Keep past alive.
Teach lessons about human behavior.
Reveal values of society.
1. Myths - attempts to answer basic questions about the world. They are
considered truthful by their originators.
2. Fables - Short stories that illustrate human morals and have characters
that are animals.
3. Folk tales - Are told primarily for entertainment. Feature humans or
humanlike animals
4. Oral history - Is based on real events. Is considered factual by the
teller. Passes along information.
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Information on Prepositions - 12/18/07
1. A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and
another word in the sentence.
2. Prepositions show the position of a noun (person, place, thing or idea)
3. A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun (the
object), and any modifiers of that object.
Example:
under glass (under is the preposition, glass is noun subject)
by the sunny seashore (by is the preposition, seashore is the noun subject,
the is article modifying seashore, sunny is adjective modifying seashore)
Common prepositions:
aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at,
before, fehind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, during,
except, for, from, in, in front of, inside, instead, into, like, near, next
to, of, off, on, out, out of, over, past, since, through, throughout, to,
toward, under, underneath, unlike, until, up, up to, upon, with, within,
without.
4. Mark prepositional phrases by putting parentheses around the phrase.
5. The prepositional phrase begins with the preposition and ends with the
first noun or pronoun.
Example:
(In this story,) a nameless character goes outdoors (on a terribly cold day)
(in the Yukon.) Prepositions are IN, ON, and IN.
Note that when the prepositional phrase(s) are removed, the remaining words
form a simple sentence.
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Preposition notes 1/15/08
Prepositional phrases start with a preposition.
Hint: A preposition is something you can do to a box.
For example: over (the box), under, underneath, through, past, within, on,
around...
A prepositional phrase ends with the object of the preposition. The object
is a noun, pronoun or word that is functioning as a noun or pronoun.
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What kinds of conflict do we note in stories?
Man versus man.
Man versus environment.
Man versus self.
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Notes on clauses - independent and subordinate clauses 1/28/08
An independent clause expresses a main thought and can stand by itself in a
sentence. It differs from a sentence in one way: A sentence stands alone
while an independent clause is joined by a subordinate clause. A subordinate
clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. When
alone, a subordinate clause is a sentence fragment that has a subject and
verb but does not express a complete thought.
Signal words that indicate a subordinate clause:
because, if, since, that, until, which, whom
Examples:
I went to sleep last night. - sentence
I went to sleep last night because I had an early test. -
Independent clause " I went to sleep last night"
Subordinate clause: "because I had an early test."
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Complex sentences notes 2/4 & Compound complex sentences 2/11
Complex sentence - contains ONE independent clause and AT LEAST ONE
subordinate clauses.
Types of subordinate clauses: adjective clause or adverb clause:
Adjective clause - describes a noun, and usually begins with a relative
pronoun (signal words such as who, which, whom, that, whose)
Complex sentence examples with adjective clauses:
Bob Brown, (who is the student council president,) is my best friend.
One interesting event, (that is held in the Southwest,) is Tribal Indian
Ceremonial, (which involves many different Indian peoples.) - Independent
clause is "One interesting event is Tribal Indian Ceremonial." Two dependent
adjective clauses.
Adverb clause - describes a verb, and usually begins with a subordinating
conjunction (signal words such as after, as, because, if, since, when)
Example: (When I leave for school,) I will take the bus.
Compound / complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at
least one subordinate clause. (See FANBOYS for conjunctions that join
independent clauses)
Examples: The crowd cheered loudly and the team began to play when the
referee blew his whistle.
Independent clause: the crowd cheered loudly
Conjuction: and
Independent clause: the team began to play
Subordinate adverb clause: when the referee blew his whistle. ( when is
signal word)
Whenever we go on vacation, our neighbors mow our yard, and they collect our
mail.
Subordinate adverb clause: whenever we go on vacation (whenever is signal
word)
Independent clause: our neighbors mow our yard
Conjunction: and
Independent clause: they collect our mail.
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