Pre-AP Non-fiction Selections
Angela's Ashes - Frank McCourt
My Losing Season - Pat Conroy
If I Die in a Combat Zone… - Tim O'Brien
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angelou
Isaac's Storm - Erik Larson
Zoya's Story - John Follain, Rita Cristofari
Clauses Test Notes:
ALL CLAUSES HAVE A SUBJECT AND A VERB
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
CAN STAND BY THEMSELVES AND EXPRESS A COMPLETE THOUGHT
SUBORDINATE OR DEPENDENT CLAUSES CANNOT STAND BY THEMSELVES AND DO NOT EXPRESS A
COMPLETE THOUGHT
Adjective Clauses –
• Modify nouns or pronouns
• Answer Which one? What kind? How many?
• Use commas to separate Adjective Clauses if the clause is not essential to the meaning of the
sentence
• Begin with “wh” words (who, whom, whose, which, when, where) and that
Adverb Clauses –
• Modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs
• Answer How? When? Where? To what extent?
• All adverbial clauses that come at the beginning of the sentence are separated by a comma
• Begin with WABUs
Noun Clauses –
• Function as Subject – beginning of sentence
Direct Object – after action verb
Predicate Nominative – after linking verb
Object of the Preposition – after preposition
• Replace the noun clause with “it”
• No commas
• Begin with how, however, that, “wh” words
Kinds of Sentences
• Simple – one independent clause
• Compound – 2 or more independent joined by ,conjunction/ ;/ ;transition,
• Complex – one independent plus one or more WABUs
• Compound-Complex – 2 or more independent plus one or more WABUs
