Art 1 FINAL EXAM Review
Terms
Abstract- having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at pictorial representation; simplified to an unrecognizable form.
Landscape- a painting, drawing, or photograph representing a view of natural inland scenery.
Still Life- a drawing or painting of specifically arranged inanimate objects.
Portrait- a drawing, painting, or photo of a human figure; usually focusing on the face and
upper body.
Preliminary Drawing- a sketch made in preparation for a larger piece.
Calligraphy- from Greek kallos meaning "beauty" and graphẽ meaning "writing." the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner.
Texture- the characteristic visual and tactile quality of the surface of a work of art resulting from the way in which the materials are used.
Light Source- an object that emits light and effects the placement of shadows on forms; usually the sun, fire, or artificial lighting.
Space- artists create the illusion of space and depth in artworks by placement, overlapping of objects, and perspective.
Positive Space- the area of an artwork that is filled with
something; such as lines, designs, color, shapes, or forms.
Negative Space- area of an artwork that is considered to be “empty”.
Depth- the direct linear measurement from the point of viewing; usually from front to back.
Vanishing Point- a single spot on the horizon line to which the depth of all geometric shapes recede; representative of the viewers eye-level.
Foreground- the section of a drawing which is nearest to the viewer.
Background- the section of a drawing which is farthest from the viewer.
Tessellation- a puzzle-like design that fits perfectly together like a mosaic.
Pattern- repetition of shape, line, value and/or color.
Symmetry- balanced proportions; correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a central axis.
Emphasis Point- the part of a drawing or painting that stands out the most and attracts the viewers attention.
Expressive- vividly representing the meaning or feeling meant to be conveyed in a work of art.
Value- the relative lightness or darkness of a color.
Caricature- a drawing of a living thing consisting of exaggeration of features by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics.
Silhouette- a two-dimensional outline similar to a cut-out or shadow.
Contour Drawing- a drawing in which only lines are used to
define the curves and edges of an object without using value.
Blind Contour- a contour drawing made without looking at the paper being drawn on but only at the subject being drawn; intentionally distorted.
Color
Primary Colors- the basic colors which can not be mixed and must exist in nature; red, yellow, and blue.
Secondary Colors- the resulting color from mixing two primary colors together; orange, green, and violet.
Complementary Colors- colors that are opposite from each other on the color wheel such as red and green, blue and orange, yellow and violet.
Color Triad- three colors that are equal distance apart on the color wheel. Triad sets include red, yellow, and blue; orange, violet, and green.
Neutral Colors- also known as “earth tones,” are colors that do not contain any of the spectral colors. These include black, white, gray, and brown.
Artists
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) – an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, inventor, cartographer, architect, engineer, mathematician, and writer that is known as the archetypal “Renaissance Man.” Leonardo conceptualized a helicopter, glider, tank, calculator, and a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics as well as theories on perspective and atmospheric haze.
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) – a Dutch post-impressionist known for his emotionally driven paintings using vivid colors and bold strokes and daubs of paint. He spent many of his later years in various mental institutions and committed suicide after thinking he was a failure.
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) – a Spanish artist and founder of Cubism. Picasso is one of the most recognized figures in Modern Art.
M.C. Escher (1898-1972) – a Dutch graphic artist known for his complex mathematically figured tessellations, metamorphoses, and impossible architecture.
Art Periods/Styles
Aboriginal Artwork- paintings and sculptures by the indigenous inhabits of Australia; characterized by animals and people represented in an x-ray style along with stripes and dots in earth tones.
Renaissance Art- from the French word for “re-birth.” The14th to 17th century in Europe truly was a time of re-birth in which great advancements were made in the field of art as well as science and literature.
Dada- Dada was a cultural/artistic movement that sprung from war torn Europe in 1916. The movement was “anti-war” and expressed this sentiment by being “anti-art” through a rejection of the prevailing standards of art such as realism, perspective, and use of traditional mediums.
Surreal Art- Surrealism was an early 20th century art movement in Europe based around
pure automatism, dreams, strange juxtapositions, and the subconscious mind.
Pop Art- an art movement developed in America in the 1960’s. Artists draw elements from popular culture which is deemed cheap and fleeting.