Mr. Dudley Unit 6E1

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Visit the TeacherWeb® videos to learn about the features, modifications, and customizations available on your website. Click here to learn more. Force and Motion <div> <div> <table bgcolor="#ffcc66" border="0" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66" height="21"> <div><strong>Please Note:</strong> </div> <div><strong>If your having problems with finding the solution to the "Motion Stories" <br /> </strong></div> <div><strong>GO to Down Load Documents on my web site. I have four sample solutions. </strong><br /> </div> <div> </div> <div>The <strong>Force and Motion Course</strong> investigates linear motion, including position and several aspects of change of positionâ€”distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. They investigate fundamental forces (gravity and electromagnetism) in familiar environments, such as pushes, pulls, impacts, and falls. Interaction and outcomes are represented graphically to help students think mathematically about their observations. Investigations of opposing forces and additive forces help students develop the idea that a net force on an object produces motion. An object in motion has momentum, which is conserved. Students acquire the most fundamental and important understanding about the interplay between force and motion. </div> <hr /> <div align="center"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"> <strong><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Mr. Dudley's Science Class </span></strong></span><strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Will be doing the following:</span></span></strong> </div> <p> </p> <ul> <li> Observe and describe an object’s motion in terms of change of position. </li> <li> Explain how to use a reference point to determine the distance moved by an object. </li> <li> Use tools to gather data and mathematics to organize and analyze data. </li> <li> Explain speed in terms of distance and time and use speed graphs to determine head starts. </li> <li> Transform narrative accounts of motion events into graphic representations. </li> <li> Explain the difference between displacement and distance. </li> <li> Conduct experiments to acquire distance or displacement and time data to determine speed, velocity, and acceleration. </li> <li> Use tools (pushers, spring scales, and multimedia simulations) to apply force and to investigate force and motion. </li> <li> Analyze illustrations of forces in motion. </li> <li> Describe change of motion as a result of net force. </li> <li> Determine the relationship between mass and the force of gravity using spring scales, and explain gravity as a universal force. </li> <li> Explain and apply the interplay of force and time (impulse) and momentum in crashes. </li> <li> Acquire vocabulary concerning these concepts: position, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, motion, force, gravity, impulse, and momentum. </li> <li> Exercise language, social studies, and math skills in the context of science. </li> <li> Use scientific thinking processes to conduct investigations and build explanations: observing, communicating, comparing, organizing, relating, and inferring.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000" width="7%"> <div align="right"><font color="#ffffff"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber1a" --><font color="#ffffff"><strong>1.</strong></font><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></font></div> </td> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffcc66" height="21" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber1b" --><strong>Here to There (5 sessions)</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/navigation/images/orange-suns_10.gif" alt="" height="83" width="36" /></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="A1" --> Students are introduced to motion as a change of position, and distance as the magnitude of a change in position. They work with air trolleys to define terms, gather and graph data, and analyze outcomes. They analyze graphic representations of races between several different competitors in both print and multimedia formats.<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="B1" --> <ul> <li>Position is the location of an object at any given time.</li> <li>Motion is the act of changing position.</li> <li>Distance is the amount of change of position.</li> <li>A reference point is an arbitrary point on an object, used to establish its position.</li> <li>Calculate distance (d) using the distance equation.<br /> </li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top" width="31%"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="C1" --> <ul> <li>Observe and describe an object’s motion in terms of change of position.</li> <li>Explain how to use a reference point to determine the distance moved by an object.</li> <li>Measure distance in standard metric units.</li> <li>Use tools to gather data and mathematics to organize data.<br /> </li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66"><hr /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000" width="7%"> <div align="right"><font color="#ffffff"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber2a" --><font color="#ffffff"><strong>2.</strong></font><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></font></div> </td> <td colspan="3" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber2b" --><strong>Speed (5–6 sessions)</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/navigation/images/orange-suns_10.gif" alt="" height="83" width="36" /></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="A2" --> Students learn that speed is the rate at which an object changes position. They gather data from cars rolling down ramps and representations of moving vehicles to investigate and solve speed problems. They are introduced to making and analyzing distance-versus-time graphs.<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="B2" --> <ul> <li> Speed is the rate of change of position of an object: v = d / Δt.</li> <li>The slope of the line on a speed graph represents speed; steeper slopes represent higher speeds.</li> <li>The equation for calculating distance when speed and time are known is d = v X Δt.<br /> Average speed is the total distance traveled by an object divided by the total time needed to go that distance.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="C2" --> <ul> <li>Conduct experiments to acquire distance and time data and to determine speed.</li> <li>Use tools to gather data and mathematics to organize data.</li> <li>Use mathematics to solve problems involving unknown quantities.</li> <li>Explain speed in terms of distance and time.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66"> <hr /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000"> <div align="right"><font color="#ffffff"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber3a" --><font color="#ffffff"><strong>3.</strong></font><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></font></div> </td> <td colspan="3" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber3b" --><strong>Comparing Speeds (8–9 sessions)</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/navigation/images/orange-suns_10.gif" alt="" height="83" width="36" /></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="A3" --> Students learn how to analyze and represent speed to solve problems. They gather data for students walking and running, and use representations of boat races and the Iditarod race to investigate and solve speed problems. They practice making and analyzing speed graphs.<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="B3" --> <ul> <li>The slope of a line on a distance-versus-time graph represents speed; steeper slopes represent higher speeds.</li> <li>A distance-versus-time graph can be used to determine an object’s speed.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="C3" --> <ul> <li>Conduct experiments to acquire time and distance data and to determine speed.</li> <li>Use tools to gather and organize data and solve problems involving unknown quantities.</li> <li>Use speed graphs to determine head starts.</li> <li>Explain speed in terms of distance and time.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66"><hr /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000"> <div align="right"><font color="#ffffff"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber4a" --><font color="#ffffff"><strong>4.</strong></font><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></font></div> </td> <td colspan="3" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber4b" --><strong>Representing Motion (7 sessions)</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/navigation/images/orange-suns_10.gif" alt="" height="83" width="36" /></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="A4" --> Students learn to represent motion in graphs. They distinguish between position graphs and distance graphs and analyze both to describe motion. They extract data from word problems, create data tables, and construct motion graphs. They also collect and organize data for their own motion, using meter tapes and stopwatches.<br /> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="B4" --> <ul> <li>The difference between an object’s initial and final positions is displacement.</li> <li>Constant speed and average speed yield straight lines on distance-versus-time graphs.</li> <li>Complex motion events can be analyzed into coherent segments called legs.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="C4" --> <ul> <li>Use tools to gather and organize data.</li> <li>Transform narrative accounts of motion events into graphic representations.</li> <li>Generate motion scenarios from graphic representations of motion events.</li> <li>Explain the difference between displacement and distance.</li> <li> Explain what a horizontal line on a speed graph represents.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66"> <br /> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div> <table bgcolor="#ffcc66" border="0" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0" height="94" width="759"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="4" valign="top"><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td> <td valign="top"><br /> </td> <td valign="top"><br /> </td> <td valign="top"><br /> </td> <td valign="top"><br /> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div> <table bgcolor="#ffcc66" border="0" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0" height="2972" width="748"> <tbody> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ffcc66" height="21" valign="top" width="32%"><br /> </td> <td valign="top" width="30%"><br /> </td> <td valign="top" width="31%"><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66" height="21"><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000" width="7%"> <div align="right"><font color="#ffffff"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber1a" --><strong>5.</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></font></div> </td> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffcc66" height="21" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber1b" --><strong>Acceleration (9 sessions)</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/navigation/images/orange-suns_10.gif" alt="" height="83" width="36" /></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="A1" --> Students learn to identify and measure changing velocity and calculate position and velocity from time and acceleration data. They experience constant velocity and acceleration with their own movement. They collect and analyze velocity and position data using mechanical and electronic Dotcars.<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="B1" --> <ul> <li>Acceleration is change of velocity (Δ<img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/scope/folio/html/ForceandMotion/vector1.jpg" alt="" height="15" width="19" /> ) per unit time, measured in units of change of position (Δ<em>X</em>) per unit of time per unit of time.</li> <li>Objects rolling down slopes accelerate; acceleration is greater on steeper slopes.</li> <li>The mass of a rolling car has little effect on its acceleration.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top" width="31%"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="C1" --> <ul> <li>Use tools (mechanical and electronic Dotcars) to collect time and distance data and mathematics to organize and analyze the data.</li> <li>Use equations to calculate acceleration, displacement, and velocity of rolling objects.</li> <li>Identify and interpret graphs of<br /> accelerating motion and constant velocity.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66"><hr /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000" width="7%"> <div align="right"><font color="#ffffff"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber2a" --><strong>6.</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></font></div> </td> <td colspan="3" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber2b" --><strong>Force (7–8 sessions)</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/navigation/images/orange-suns_10.gif" alt="" height="83" width="36" /></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="A2" --> <p>Students are introduced to forces and their relationship to motion. Students use pushers and spring scales to explore the idea that forces add; the sum is net force. Friction is introduced as a force opposing motion. Students explore friction with real-world and simulated force-bench activities..</p> <p><strong>NOTE: </strong>This is a recommended ending point for grade 6 students.</p> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="B2" --> <ul> <li>A force is a push or pull.</li> <li>Net force is the sum of all the forces acting on a mass.</li> <li>A net force applied to a mass produces acceleration.</li> <li>Friction is a force that acts to resist movement.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="C2" --> <ul> <li>Use tools (pushers, spring scales, and multimedia simulations) to apply force and investigate friction and motion.</li> <li>Analyze illustrations of forces in motion.</li> <li>Use multimedia simulations to investigate force and motion.</li> <li>Describe change of motion as a result of net force.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66"> <hr /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000"> <div align="right"><font color="#ffffff"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber3a" --><strong>7.</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></font></div> </td> <td colspan="3" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber3b" --><strong>Gravity (7 sessions)</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/navigation/images/orange-suns_10.gif" alt="" height="83" width="36" /></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="A3" -->Students learn that gravity is a universal force pulling objects to Earth with predictable acceleration. They use spring scales to establish the relationship between force and mass. They explore real and hypothetical falling objects and replicate one of Galileo’s experiments.<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="B3" --> <ul> <li>Gravity is a force pulling masses toward each other; the strength of the force depends on the objects’ masses.</li> <li>The force of gravity accelerates objects in free fall and objects rolling downhill.</li> <li>The acceleration produced by the force of gravity is about 10 m/s2 toward Earth.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="C3" --> <ul> <li>Determine the relationship between mass and the force of gravity, using spring scales.</li> <li>Gather time and displacement data electronically to investigate the acceleration of gravity.</li> <li>Explain gravity as a universal force.</li> <li>Discuss Galileo’s discovery of acceleration due to gravity.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffcc66"><hr /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000"> <div align="right"><font color="#ffffff"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber4a" --><strong>8.</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></font></div> </td> <td colspan="3" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="rownumber4b" --><strong>Momentum (8 sessions)</strong><!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><img src="http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/foss/navigation/images/orange-suns_10.gif" alt="" height="83" width="36" /></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="A4" -->Students learn to analyze collision interactions in terms of inertia, momentum, and impulse. Inertia is introduced in demonstrations, and students use the Dotcar to collect data for analysis. <em>Understanding Car Crashes</em>, a video, is viewed and discussed. The â‚¬nale is a version of the egg drop called Bean Brains, in which students apply their knowledge of momentum.<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="B4" --> <ul> <li>Inertia is the property of matter that tends to keep masses in uniform motion; it resists change of motion.</li> <li>Inertia is proportional to mass; large masses have a lot of inertia.</li> <li>Momentum is inertia in motion; it is the product of an object’s velocity and mass.</li> <li>A net force applied to an object can change its momentum.</li> <li>An impulse is a force applied for a period of time.</li> </ul> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td> <td valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="C4" --> <ul> <li>Conduct simple investigations to demonstrate inertia of both stationary and moving masses.</li> <li>Use a force scale to determine the force needed to stop cars traveling at different speeds.</li> <li>Use electronic Dotcar data to calculate velocity and momentum.</li> <li>Explain how inertia and momentum affect passenger safety in car crashes.</li> <li>Explain and apply the interplay of force and time (impulse) and momentum in crashes.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div> </div> <br /> </div> <br /> Or, would you like to view and optionally restore one of these previous versions? 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Mr. Dudley Unit 6E1

Force and Motion

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