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Hip-Hop and Rap

 

Resources for Writing Rap and Hip Hop Lyrics

Information Guide for Middle, High School and College Students

by Jennifer Hardison Sims

 

The print and online resources have been reviewed, primarily using the holdings at the San Diego Public Library. Only the best or most unique titles and sites have been included in this information guide for Middle School and/or High School students. Check online catalogs to reserve or request books at your school and public libraries. The web information can be accessed for free unless the description says it comes from a subscription database. Subscription databases such as ProQuest, InfoTrac, KidsEdition and Biography Resource Center are most-likely available by logging on to your local public or school library’s online resource page.

*Some sites have been rated due to the graphic nature of their content. Before browsing this guide please scroll down to see the ratings key at the bottom of this page.

 

How to Write Lyrics

Woke up this morning right out of a dream

Reached for my pen and pad because my mind was on a rhyme scheme…

-Lyrics from the Beastie Boys, "Flowin' Prose"

(quoted in Slam edited by Cecily Von Ziegesar)

Beginning Songwriter’s Answer Book: Answers to more than 200 question songwriters most often ask, by Paul Zollo c1993. Zollo writes, "because [a] song is made up of words, you want to be as experience with words as possible. And reading is simple a way of putting fuel in your tank." He gives clear suggestions for writing lyrics although he is heavy on folk music references that may be unfamiliar to today’s students.

The Craft of Lyric Writing by Sheila Davis. This book received rave reviews and is suggested for young adults as well as more experience songwriters. Although it suggests a squeaky clean style, her expertise as a non-performing lyricist is clear and easy to understand.

 

Slang Dictionaries

Cassell’s Rhyming Slang by Jonathon Green c2000. Dictionary, and thesaurus that gives the definition of over 3000 slang words, and their origin. Use this book to create rhymes. PG13-AD

Hip Hoptionary (A hip-hop dictionary) by Alonzo Westerbrook. c2002. It didn’t get the best reviews but it’s a unique resource for learning about hip-hop words. PG13-AD

A 2 Z : the book of rap & hip-hop slang by Lois Stavsky, I.E. Mozeson, and Dani Reyes c1995. Slang dictionary for popular words used in hip-hop and rap. PG13-AD

The Unofficial Rap Dictionary. Oldest and most popular rap dictionary online. http://www.rapdict.org/ PG13-AD

 

Rhyming Dictionaries

RAP NAP LAP STRAP FLAP SARAN WRAP WEATHER MAP ZAP CHAP CLAP

 

Webster's New World rhyming dictionary by Clement Wood (available for check-out and reference at your local library).

Rhymerator Stuck without a rhyme for you line? This site will help you create a rhyme, give you a lyric or even help you with a metaphor. http://www.rockstargames.com/rhymerator/ PG13

Online Rhyming Dictionary Type in your word and you’ll get a list or rhyming words with one, two or three syllables. http://www.rhymezone.com/

 

Dictionaries

Slam dunks and no-brainers : language in your life, the media, business, politics, and, like, whatever.

c.2005. By Leslie Savan. Knopf Publishing. Examines how popular idioms such as "Bring it on," "outside the box," and "no-brainer" are created by ordinary people; how they are capitalized upon by business, advertising, politics, and the media; and how this transforms them into "celebrity words," changing their use by ordinary people, and their impact. AD

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. c2003. One of the most trusted dictionary sources (available online through subscription databases or at your local library).

Slang: Modern Topical Slang Dictionary. c2004. by Paul Dickson Includes bibliographical references and index. Defines ten thousand American slang terms, arranged alphabetically within thirty categories such as the modern office, the Internet, hip-hop, food and drink, sex, medical care, and politics. AD

Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary: Not as good as it’s print or subscription counterpart but ok in an online pinch. http://www.m-w.com/home.htm

Oxford English Dictionary: available through subscription database at you local public library.

 

Poetry Resources

Sometimes I use writing as a way to deal with problems or to get through something happening in my life. Like when something is driving you crazy and you just want to get it off. Writing helps.

–Mary J. Blige quoted in Slam, edited by Cecily Von Ziegesar.

 

Slam, with a foreward by Tori Amos and edited by Ceciliy Von Ziegesar, showcases poems from current slam superstars, and lyrics from songwriters. It gives advice, but even more it’s serves as inspiration to the new generation of poets and performance artists. PG13

The Discovery of Poetry : a field guide to reading and writing poems by Frances Mayes. This well reviewed book discusses rhyme, free verse, choice of subject, and style. Mayes explains, in plain language, how poetry works.

The American Academy of Poets online. Students can read and listen to poems and teachers can get lessons on teaching poetry. http://www.poets.org/

The Phrase Finder search these databases to find phrases, proverbs, biblical sayings and other word combinations that you can incorporate into your lyrics. http://www.phrases.org.uk/

Bartleby’s Phrases 18,000 words with a “tale to tell”

 

Lyrics

Rap: the lyrics, edited by Lawrence A. Stanley; with an introduction by Jefferson Morley. Includes an index and words to rap lyrics. AD

HipHopBattle.com is a website where hip-hop artists of all kinds (esp. underground and unknown artists) compete against one another, with the ultimate judge being the people of the world. It provides video, text and audio forums. http://hiphopbattle.com PG

OHHA is the Original Hip-Hop Lyrics Archive. The page is ad heavy but it’s known to be the most comprehensive site of rap and hip-hop lyrics on the Internet. PG13-AD

 

Hip Hop Magazines

The Source: The Magazine of Hip-Hop Music, Culture & Politics. Edited by J. Schecter. (NY 10012-3233, 594 Broadway, Suite 510, The Source. Monthly). PG13

Vibe Magazine. Edited by Emil Wilbekin. (215 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Monthly.) Winner of the 2002 General Excellence Award from the American Society of Magazine Editors. Modified online version available at http://www.vibe.com/ PG13-AD

 

Articles available through InfoTrac Online Subscription Database

Current Events, a Weekly Reader publication, Dec 13, 2002 v102 i14 p3(2) Gangsta rap under arrest: does hip-hop need to change its bad rap? (News Debate). (Available in InfoTrac online subscription database).

Odyssey, March 2002 v11 i3 p22(3) The rhythms of rap. Kathiann M. Kowalski.

Current Events, a Weekly Reader publication, Feb 2, 2001 v100 i17 p3 Getting a Bad Rap? (offensive lyrics in rap music).

 

History and Criticism of Rap and Hip-Hop

Skiddleebeeboy a we rock a scoobie doo

And guess what, America, we love you

‘Cause ya rocked and a rolled with so much sould you could rock till you’re a hundred and one

years old

--Lyrics from "Rapper’s Delight," Sugarhill Gang

(lyrics quoted in One nation Under A Groove: Rap music and its roots by James Haskins)

All music guide to hip-hop : the definitive guide to rap & hip hop. c.2003. Backbeat Books. Includes discography and index. Presents reviews and ratings of over 3,100 albums by nearly 1,200 rap and hip-hop artists, and includes brief biographical profiles of the musicians, as well as recording dates and labels.

Can’t Stop: Won’t Stop. c2005. By Jeff Chang. Picador/St. Martin's Press. Intro by DJ Cool Herc. Includes bibliographical references, discographies, and index. Traces the history of the hip-hop culture, discussing how hip-hop came to define a new generation of youth rebellion and expression in North America. AD

And it Don’t Stop: The best American hip-hop Journalism of the last 25 years. c.2004. Faber & Faber. AD Includes bibliographical references and index. Presents a collection of articles on the history of hip-hop from the streets of the Bronx in the early 1980s to its international popularity by 2000.

"Hip-hop." Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 30, 2003, from Encyclopædia Britannica. Search “hip hop” for text and photos.

"Hip-hop." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier’s has a print version but the online is only available though the subscription databases in many school and public libraries. Search “hip hop”

HiphopAmerica by Nelson George. This first person narrative shows how hip-hop started in the 1970’s and created a culture. Beware of his views of women in hip-hop. According to Vibe’s Hip Hop Divas, George writes, "I would argue that if none of these female rap artists had ever made a record, hip hop’s development would have been no different." Even though he has controversial views on the role of women in hip-hop and the reviews of this book aren’t all favorable, in the industry it is often cited as an important contribution and it won the National Book Award in 1999. PG

Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. By Tricia Rose. This is a staple on many bibliographies for Rap and Hip-Hop. PG13

The History of Rap Music: African-American Achievers series c2001 by Cookie Lommel. Middle Schoolers will use this book that features a chronology, list of classic rap albums, and an text that includes biographical information and photos of artists from the beginning to the year 2000. PG

Hip Hop Divas by Vibe Books c2001. Includes biographies, chronologies, photos, discographies, reviews, interview with female artists ranging from Roxanne Shante and Mary J. Blige to Missy Elliot and Eve. PG

The Vibe History of Hip Hop by Vibe Books. c1999. From School Library Journal, "YA-This chronicle of the music parents love to hate is a must purchase, and should be shelved right next to The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll (Random, 1992)." PG

Rap and Hip Hop by Jared Green. Looks at the controversies surrounding the rise of the hip-hop nation, lyrics and Eminem and gay bashing. PG13

Working HipHop Chronology:  dates in the overall history of African-American music and the music industry in general from 1920 to 1993. Compiled by Russell A. Potter, Ph.D PG

 

Start ‘em off Young…Children’s Books

Cool Hip Hop Music: Create and Appreciate What Makes Music Great. c2008. By Kenny, Karen Latchana.  ABDO Publishing. Interest level 3-6 grades.

Hip and Hop. c1987. By Sally Brook. London: Blackie Childrens. Illustrated.

Bearobics: a hip-hop counting story. c1997. By Vic Parker, Vic. New York: Viking.

M.C. Turtle and the hip hop hare: a happenin' rap. c1997. By David Vozar. New York: Doubleday Dell.

Curtis the hip-hop cat. c1984. by Ginni Wade. London: Macmillan Children's.

Soul R&B. c2006 By Chris Handyside. Heinemann Publishers. Title explains the musical roots, the major contributors, and the political and social influences inherent to the development of each genre. (Library Media Connection, 2006). Interest level 5-8 grades.

 

The Music Biz: Unique Ideas to Turn Hip Hop into a Career

Makin’ rap music is our profession

There’s only one chance at a first impression

But there are times with records you hear

That out of nowhere seem to catch you ear

--Lyrics from "The Greatest Entertainer," Doug E. Fresh

(quoted in One Nation Under a Groove)

 

Career Ideas for Kids Who Like Music and Dance by Diane Lindsey Reeves Although it’s not up to date, it profiles the DJ’s career and gives tips on taking care of your voice and provides association addresses.

Cool Careers Without College for Music Lovers by Kerry Hinton. Easy to read and good references.

The Young Musician’s Survival Guide: Tips from teens and pros by Amy Nathan has a good chapter on dealing with performance jitters.

Looking for the Perfect Beat: The art and culture of the DJ by Kurt B. Reighley. Interviews with disc jockeys, covering the history of spinning and providing advice to the beginning DJ.

The National Rap Directory, 1st ed. C1996. Rising Star Music Publishers Discusses legalities, releasing your record, promotions, copyright, publicaitons, organizations and radio promotions

The DJ Project is a non-profit organization that gives kids the opportunity to learn about the biz in a safe and positive atmosphere. Hip-hop doesn’t get a bad rap with the DJ Project. http://www.thedjproject.com/press_012702.htm

 

Additional Links

HipHop Directory. Well-organized links to everything hip-hop including reviews and industry information. http://www.hiphop-directory.com/ PG13-AD

DavyD's Hip Hop Corner a good introductory page. www.davyd.com PG13-AD

DJ University offers several free on-line how-to articles from reprinted from DJ Times including beat mixing and harmonic mixing for clubs. http://dju.prodj.com/courses/club/index.html

Black Grooves is a music review site hosted by the Archives of African American Music & Culture (AAAMC) at Indiana University. Site promotes music by providing readers and subscribers with monthly updates on interesting new releases and quality reissues in all genres─including gospel, blues, jazz, funk, soul, and hip-hop-as well as classical music composed or performed by black artists.

American Disc Jockey Association 1964 Wagner Street, Pasadena, CA 91107 http://www.adja.org

 

List-servs and Online Discussion Forums

Keystyles List: hiphop-keystyles-request@ai.mit.edu

With parent permission you can subscribe to this list to dicuss freestylin' and MCing in general. It is also permissible to drop "transcripts" of freestyles (known as keystyles). In general this is a place for the constructive interchange of ideas about freestylin', rhyming techniques, MCing and all that. In other words, it is to rappin' what turntablism is to DJing. AD supervision suggested

Turntablism List turntablism-request@ai.mit.eduThe Turntablism List was started to offer a platform for people to discuss turntablism. More specifically, to discuss scratching and juggling techniques, equipment, and the culture surrounding turntablism. AD supervision suggested

 

Learn About Your Favorite Artists

See the above link for Vibe Magazine online

SOHH.com was voted the best overall hip-hop site according to Rolling Stone magazine. http://web.simmons.edu/~morrow/hiphopweb.html PG13-AD

Recommended Biography Database…Biography Resource Center. If you want to read about particular artists you can visit an online biographical subscription database. Biography Resource Center is excellent and is available through your local school or public library. Once you have logged on to the database, just type in the last name, first name of the artist you want to read about. There are detailed biographies that aren’t available by just searching keywords on the Internet. Different encyclopedia articles all available in one place in Biography Resource Center. In addition there are updated lists of newspaper and magazine articles on the artist as well as a suggested website. It often includes photos and gives addresses so you can write your famous star. Call or log on to the website for your public library. It's a resource that's worth finding.

 

Directories

The National Rap Directory, 1st ed. C1996. Rising Star Music Publishers Discusses legalities, releasing your record, promotions, copyright, publications, organizations and radio promotions.

HipHop Directory. Well organized links to everything hip-hop including reviews and industry information. http://www.hiphop-directory.com/ PG13-AD

 

Related Trade Associations

American Disc Jockey Association 1964 Wagner Street, Pasadena, CA 91107 http://www.adja.org

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*Ratings

No rating = all ages, no profanity, violence, sex or drugs as of July, 28, 2003

PG = Parental consent suggested for children: minimal or suggesting the use of profanity, violence, sex, drugs

PG13 = Parental consent suggested for anyone under 13: uses profanity, violence, sex, drugs but not the main focus

AD = for Adults only. Strong profanity, violence, sex, drugs

Disclaimer: Due to the graphic nature of some websites and print materials, entries will include a general rating that applies to the content as of July 28, 2003. If the websites are updated after the date and the content changed, the rating may not apply. As always, you and your parents are the judge of what is appropriate for you to access.

 

Created 07/28/2003 for library 210 SLIS, SJSU. Updated March, 2008.

 


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