| Friday, May 2, 2008
VOCABULARY:
Look up and define the following words:
1. Lithosphere, p. 247
2. Asthenosphere, p. 247
3. Convergent Boundary, p. 250
4. Divergent Boundary, p. 249-251
5. Rifting, p. 255
QUESTION:
By what process does new oceanic lithosphere form as magma rises to Earth’s
surface and solidifies at a mid-ocean ridge?
a. Plate tectonics
b. Paleomagnetism
c. Mantle convection
d. Sea-floor spreading
Wednesday, April 30, 2008
FACT: “Modern technologies such as sonar and satellite remote sensing have
given us a remarkable picture of the ocean floor….By some estimates, only
about 5% of the ocean floor had been accurately charted by the 1970’s….Most
of the features of the ocean floor can be traced to the theory of plate
tectonics.” - Bill Schmoker, Hubbard Scientific, 2000.
QUESTION:
1. How many continents exist on Earth’s surface?
2. List the continents.
3. How many tectonic plates have been identified? (Chapter 10, Section 2)
Tuesday, April 29, 2008
FACT: “Changes that occur at Earth’s surface are driven by processes inside
Earth that result from the transfer of heat and differences in density.”
QUESTION:
Read Section 1 in Chapter 10 (pages 239-246) and answer the following
question.
Which of the following is a weakness of Wegener’s proposal of continental
drift that caused the scientific community to raise doubts about the
proposal when he first proposed the hypothesis?
a. An absence of fossil evidence
b. Unsupported climatic evidence
c. Unrelated continent feature
d. A lack of proven mechanisms
Monday, April 21 to Friday, April 25 - NO BELLWORK
Friday, April 18, 2008
Good Morning!
Read pages 129 – 134 in your textbook.
Look at the pictures and captions.
True/False QUESTIONS:
Answer the following True/False questions:
1. Fine-grained igneous rock results from rapid cooling.
2. During partial melting, minerals that have lower melting points
melt first.
Other QUESTIONS
3. Describe five intrusive igneous rock structures. (p.133)
Thursday, April 17, 2008
FACT:
“Limestone and marble, though different types of rock, are chemically
similar – and both have been key components in the building trades for
centuries. Both of these rocks undergo a similar chemical process and both
are metamorphic rock.”
QUESTION:
What causes the foliated, or banded, structure found in some kinds of
metamorphic rock?
a. pressure that causes crystals to grow rounded
b. deposition of sediments that form the layers
c. separation of minerals of different densities
d. movement of crystals from one layer to another
Wednesday, April 16, 2008
List three main geologic layers of Florida’s lands and what fossils you
might find in each.
1. Pleistocene –
2. Pliocene –
3. Miocene –
FACT:
Three main types of rock in the rock cycle are igneous rock, sedimentary
rock, and metamorphic rock.
QUESTION:
What was the most exciting fossil you found in the lab yesterday?
Why?
What was the most important excavation step in the lab?
Why?
Monday, April 14 , 2008
Definition:
Look up and record THE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION
FACT:
By applying the law of superposition, geologists are able to determine that
the uppermost layer of sedimentary rock is the youngest.
QUESTION:
Read p. 192 and answer this question:
“How are varves like tree rings?”
TURN IN YOUR BELL WORK TO WHITE BASKET.
Wednesday, April 9, 2008
WORD WALL:
List each of the words from the WORD WALL that can be categorized
under Geologic Time Scale. (4 words total)
Which word includes the smallest unit of time?
FACT: “Florida has one of the richest fossil records of any state in the
nation. The absence of earthquakes and volcanoes combined with a wet
depositional system has resulted in a diverse fossil record that spans over
25 million years.” - http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/fossils.html
QUESTION:
The geologic time scale is a ______________________.
a. scale for weighing rocks
b. scale that divides Earth’s history into time intervals
c. rock record of Earth’s past
d. collection of the same kind of rocks.
Tuesday, April 8, 2008
Read about these two terms (Chapter 9):
1. Relative Age (p. 186)
2. Absolute Age (p. 191)
Compare and Contrast Relative Age and Absolute Age
How are they alike?
How are they different?
FACT:
“William Smith (1769-1839) was an English engineer and geologist…. He was
among the first scientists to realize that different rock layers contain
different fossils, and that each distinct layer contains the same fossils
even when these layers are widely separated.” -Holt
Monday, April 7, 2008
Look up following definitions in your textbook (Chapter 9):
1. Eon
2. Epoch
3. Era
4. Evolution
5. Geologic Time Scale
FACT:
“By using geologic evidence, scientists try to determine how environmental
changes affected organisms in the past.” -Holt
QUESTION:
What leads scientists to think that the first cells to evolve did not need
oxygen to survive?
a. The first cells had no lungs with which to breathe air.
b. The first cells evolved to live underwater.
c. No biochemical reactions took place inside the first cells.
d. Oxygen was largely unavailable when the first cells evolved.
Thursday, March 20, 2008
QUESTION:
Which of the following is part of heat transfer?
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
QUESTION:
On a weather map, _______________ fronts are shown by a line with triangular
points on one side.
a. warm
b. cold
c. occluded
d. stationary
FINISH DRAWING WINDS DIAGRAM ON PAGE 562
FINISH AND HAND IN YOUR ANTICIPATION GUIDE
FINISH YOUR LAB
Wednesday, March 19, 2008
DEFINITIONS:
Write these definitions ion yesterday’s bellwork.
· Heat Transfer
· Radiation
· Unequal Heating
FACT:
-“Each hemisphere has three wind belts. Wind belts are the result of
pressure differences at the equator, the subtropics, the subpolar regions,
and the poles. Winds in the belts curve because of the Coriolis effect.”
QUESTION:
Practically all clouds and storms occur in which layer of the atmosphere?
a. troposphere
b. thermosphere
c. mesosphere
d. stratosphere
e. ionosphere
Tuesday, March 18, 2008
DEFINITIONS:
Look up these definitions in your textbook (Chapter 22)
1) Conduction
2) Convection
3) Greenhouse Effect
4) Heat Transfer
5) Radiation
6) Unequal Heating
FACT:
“The highest clouds found in the atmosphere are called noctilucent clouds
and are found at heights of about 80 kilometers (50 miles). There are very
rare and generally can only be seen at twilight.”
QUESTION:
Which of the following is used to measure weather?
a. barometer
b. anemometer
c. weather balloon
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Friday, March 14, 2008
FACT:
Rainbows are caused by sunlight passing through very small water droplets in
the atmosphere. http://www.firstscience.com/home/facts/earth.html
FACT:
The largest, single, challenge for astronauts traveling to Mars will be to
overcome exposure to solar storms and radiation. -
http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2008/facts.php
QUESTION:
What has revealed what the invisible layers of the sun may be like?
a. the solar wind
b. neutrinos
c. computer models
d. the sun’s corona
Monday, March 10, 2008
FACT:
One person causes about 10 tons of carbon dioxide to be emitted a year. One
tree removes about 1 ton of CO2 per year. Planting 30 trees per person will
remove each person's carbon debt for that year.
QUESTION:
The sun’s spectrum reveals that it contains
a. almost nothing besides hydrogen.
b. almost all chemical elements.
c. only hydrogen and helium.
d. hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon.
Thursday, March 6, 2008
VOCABULARY
Finish looking up and recording Monday’s vocabulary words.
FACT:
The core of the sun is nearly as dense as lead, and has a temperature of 15
million degrees Celsius.
QUESTION:
To what does the word atmosphere refer, when applied to the sun?
a. the sheath of air surrounding the sun
b. all of the gases that make up the sun
c. the uppermost region of solar gases
d. the regions of gases above the sun’s core
Wednesday, March 5, 2008
DRAW AND LABEL:
SUN DIAGRAM on page 758 in text.
*see example on blackboard
FACT:
During a single second, the sun converts 4 million tons of matter into pure
energy. - http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2008/facts.php
QUESTION:
What is the speed of light?
a. 300,000 km/hr
b. 300,000 km/s
c. 300,000 m/hr
d. 300,000 m/s
Tuesday, March 2, 2008
No bellwork.
Monday, March 3, 2008
VOCABULARY
Look up the definitions for the following words and record them in your
bellwork folder:
1. Aurora
2. Chromosphere
3. Convective Zone
4. Corona
5. Photosphere
6. Prominences
7. Radiative Zone
8. Solar Flares
9. Sunspot
FACT:
Some sunspots are cool enough that water vapor can form at a temperature of
1,550 degrees Celsius. http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2008/facts.php
QUESTION:
In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed that a
a. small amount of matter yields a large amount of energy.
b. large amount of matter was equal to a large amount of energy.
c. large amount of matter yields a small amount of energy.
d. small amount of matter was equal to a small amount of energy.
Friday, February 29, 2008
PREFIX: therm- heat example: thermosphere
SUFFIX: -ory place for, serves for example: territory
FACT:
Venus is the hottest planet with a temperature of 480 °C.
QUESTION:
Keplers First Law of Planetary Motion states
- The line joining the planet to the Sun sweeps out equal area in equal
times as the planet travels around the ellipse.
- The orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus of the
ellipse.
- The period for a planet to orbit the Sun increases rapidly with the radius
of its orbit.
Thursday, February 28, 2008
PREFIX & Root: mar- sea example: maritime
SUFFIX: -ward in a direction or manner example: homeward
FACT:
Comets are made up of ice, rock and organic compounds and can often be
several miles in diameter.
QUESTION:
The smaller bodies that orbit the planets are called
- solar nebulas - moons
- planetesimals - suns
Wednesday, February 27, 2008
PREFIX: iso- equal, same, uniform example: isobar
SUFFIX: -tort twist example: retort
FACT:
The planet in the solar system with the lowest density is Saturn.
QUESTION:
Small bodies from which a planet originated in the early development of the
solar system are called
- atmospheres - planetesimals
- suns - moons
Tuesday, February 26, 2008
PREFIX: bar- pressure example: barometer
SUFFIX: -phile to love example: audiophile
FACT:
On June 8 2004, Venus passed directly between the Earth and the Sun,
appearing as a large black dot travelling across the Sun's disk. This event
is known as a "transit of Venus" and is very rare: the last one was in 1882,
the next one is in 2012.
QUESTION:
The rotating cloud of dust and gas from which our solar system is thought to
have formed is called the
- solar nebula - gas giant
- sun - nova
Monday, February 25, 2008
PREFIX: de- away, off, down; generally indicates removal
example: decompress
SUFFIX: -gram something written or drawn, a record
example: cardiogram
FACT:
Venus rotates backwards, as compared to all the other planets.
QUESTION:
Laplace’s hypothesis states that the sun and the planets condensed at about
the same time out of a rotating cloud of dust and gas called a
- planet - nebula
- supernova - solar system
Friday, February 22, 2008
PREFIX: photo- light example: photosynthesis
SUFFIX: -cide something used to destroy example: pesticide
FACT:
The friction between the tides and the ocean bed slows the rate at which the
Earth spins on its axis. As a result, the day is getting longer - by about
1/1000th of a second per century.
QUESTION:
Stars that are very dense may have
- Less mass than the sun and still be much smaller than the sun.
- Lower temperature that the sun and still be much larger.
- Greater temperature that the sun and still be much larger.
- More mass than the sun and still be much smaller than the sun.
Thursday, February 21, 2008
PREFIX: ex- outside example: exosphere
SUFFIX: -tect to cover example: detect
FACT:
The shape of the Earth is called the geoid. It is oblate - flatter at the
Poles than at the Equator. But it changes as the planet resonates during its
spin and responds to gravitational forces. Also it is either depressed or
uplifted by the varying weight of ice on land or the distribution of shallow
seas and oceans.
QUESTION:
What are spectrographs?
- Devices that gather light into different spectra
- Graphs that separate light into different spectra
- Devices that separate light into different colors
- Devices that separate light into different gases
Wednesday, February 20, 2008
PREFIX: strato- to spread out example: stratosphere
SUFFIX: -fold multiply by example: twofold
FACT: “When the true luminosity of a star is compared to its surface
temperature, it can reveal other characteristics, such as its size (since
the temperature of a star depends on the amount of energy passing through
each bit of its surface – and so a luminous but cool star must have a much
larger surface area to spread out the energy).” – Giles Sparrow, “The
Stargazers Handbook”
QUESTION:
In a lunar eclipse, the moon
- Casts a shadow on Earth - is between Earth and the sun
- Is in Earth’s shadow - blocks part of the sun from view.
Tuesday, February 19, 2008
PREFIX: hydro - water example: hydroelectric
SUFFIX: -ous having the quality of ex.: courageous
FACT:
“A difference in magnitude of 5.0 is equivalent to a difference in ‘true’
brightness of 100 times, (so the faintest naked-eye stars have magnitudes of
roughly 6.0, while brilliant Sirius has a magnitude of -1.4, and the blazing
Sun has a magnitude of -26.7 ).” – Giles Sparrow, “The Stargazers Handbook”
QUESTION:
Stars appear to move in the sky because
- the sky is rotating - the universe is expanding
- Earth is moving - galaxies are forming.
Friday, February 15, 2008
PREFIX: sub- under, beneath, below Example: submarine
SUFFIX: -pute to think example: compute
FACT:
The stars in constellations and the regions around them divide the sky into
sectors. “Just as you can use a road map to locate a particular town, you
can use a map of the constellations to locate a particular star.” --Holt,
Earth Science, 2006.
QUESTION:
The heaviest element formed in the core of a star is…
- iron.
- carbon.
- helium.
- nitrogen.
Thursday, February 14, 2008
PREFIX: vert- to turn; change example: vertical
SUFFIX: -meter measuring device, measure example: spectrometer
FACT: “Stars that contain about 8 or more times the mass of the sun do not
become white dwarfs. After a star explodes as a supernova, the core may
contract into a very small but incredibly dense ball of neutrons, called a
neutron star.” -Holt, Earth Science, 2006.
QUESTION:
Which of the following choices lists the colors of stars form hottest to
coolest?
- red, yellow, orange, white, blue
- orange, red, white, blue, yellow
- yellow, orange, red, blue, white
- blue, white, yellow, orange, red
Wednesday, February 13, 2008
PREFIX: circ- around example: circumpolar
SUFFIX: -form specific shape example: uniform
FACT: “One way a supernova may occur is when a white dwarf accumulates
matter from its larger companion star, and the star collapses and pushes
matter outward in an explosive supernova.” -Holt, Earth Science, 2006.
QUESTION:
Cosmic background radiation…
- is very hot
- is blue-green
- comes from supernovas
- comes equally from all directions.
Tuesday, February 12, 2008
PREFIX: tele- distance, from afar example: telephone
SUFFIX: -ment makes a verb into a noun example: amazement
FACT:
“The distance of even the nearest star far exceeds our eye’s ability to
resolve it into a distant object. So when we look at a star, we’re actually
seeing a snowflake pattern of light created by our eyes.” -Glenn Vecchione.
Science Facts. 2004
QUESTION:
How do stellar spectra provide evidence that stars are actually moving?
- Dark line spectra reveal a star’s composition.
- Long exposure photos show curved trails.
- Light separates into different wavelengths.
- Doppler shifts occur in the star’s spectrum.
Monday, February 11, 2008
PREFIX: peri- around example: perihelion
SUFFIX: -ic like or pertaining to example: electric
FACT:
“According to the classical theory of Diffraction, light from any distant
object, when passed through a circular aperture, will produce an image
consisting of a series of light and dark rings surrounding a bright central
spot - what is called a diffraction pattern.”
QUESTION:
What happens to main sequence stars when energy from fusion is no longer
available?
- They expand and become supergiants.
- They collapse and become white dwarfs.
- They switch to fission reactions.
- They contract and turn into neutron stars.
Friday, February 8, 2008
PREFIX: ap- away from, separate example: aphelion
SUFFIX: -verge to turn example: converge
FACT:
“The distance of even the nearest star far exceeds our eye’s ability to
resolve it into a distant object. So when we look at a star, we’re actually
seeing a snowflake pattern of light created by our eyes.” Glenn Vecchione.
Science Facts. 2004
QUESTION:
About how many stars are visible from Earth without a telescope?
- 6,000 - 3 billion
- many billions - a million
Thursday, February 7, 2008
PREFIX: con- together, with example: constellation
SUFFIX: -oid resembling of, like example: asteroid
FACT:
“Every exploded star, or nebula, contains the seeds of a new star. This
seed is called the protostar.”
- Glenn Vecchione. Science Facts. 2004
QUESTION:
What is a galaxy?
- stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity
- debris, dirt, and trash bound together by gravity.
- Air, gas, and rock in the universe
- Planets, moons, and stars bound together by magnetism
Wednesday, February 6, 2008
PREFIX: electr- having to do with power, energy
example: electromagnetic
SUFFIX & Root: -volve roll or change
example: evolve
FACT:
“Stars are divided into six color classifications: red stars are the coolest
and blueish ones the hottest.” - Glenn Vecchione. Science Facts. 2004
QUESTION:
How does a main-sequence star generate energy?
- by nuclear fission, converting hydrogen to helium in its core
- by nuclear fusion, converting helium to carbon in its core
- by nuclear fission, converting helium to iron in its core
- by nuclear fusion, converting hydrogen to helium in its core
Tuesday, February 5, 2008
PREFIX: deci- one tenth
examples: decimal, decimeter
SUFFIX: -logy science, theory, study, or expression
examples: dermatology, geology
FACT:
A brown dwarf is a very small, dark object, with a mass less than 1/10 that
of the Sun. They are "failed stars" – globules of gas that have shrunk under
gravity, but failed to ignite and shine as stars.
–Glenn Vecchione. Science Facts. 2004
QUESTION:
What is apparent magnitude?
- the brightness of a star as it appears from Earth
- the true brightness of a star
- the brightness of the moon as it appears from Earth
- the numerical size of a star
Monday, February 4, 2008
PREFIX: bi- Latin) two, twice
examples: biannual, binary
ROOT: -pare arrange
example: compare
FACT:
“Our galaxy is so wide that, at the speed of light, it would take you
100,000 years to cross it.” –Glenn Vecchione. Science Facts. 2004
QUESTION:
Analyzing the ripples in cosmic background radiation tells us that the kinds
of matter that humans, the planets, the stars, and matter between stars are
made of
- only 73% of the universe. – only 4% of the universe.
- only 23% of the universe - only 32% of the universe.
Friday, February 1, 2008
PREFIX: anti- against, opposite, opposing
examples: antimatter, anticrime
SUFFIX: -able, -ible can do-, can complete
examples: flexible, expandable
FACT:
Á light year is the distance light travels in one year.
This distance is the same as:
– 5,870,000,000,000 miles OR
– 5.87 x 10^12 miles
– OR 9.45 trillion kilometers
QUESTION:
What is the type of matter called that does not give off light?
- dark energy - dark matter
- darkness - dark elements
Thursday, January 31, 2008
PREFIX: infra- below, under
examples: infrared, infrastructure
SUFFIX: -ation, -tion a process
examples: revolution, creation
FACT:
Every hour the Universe expands by a billion miles in all directions.
http://www.firstscience.com/home/facts.html
QUESTION:
Many current theories of the universe began with observations made
- more than 300 years ago. – less than 100 years ago.
- more than 100 years ago. – less than 10 years ago.
Wednesday, January 30, 2008
PREFIX: super- over, above
examples: superior, supernova
SUFFIX: -ty, -ity a state of being, a quality
examples: luminosity, radioactivity
FACT:
If it were possible to travel at the speed of light, a journey to the sun
would take approximately eight minutes and 32 seconds.
QUESTION:
What did Hubble discover that indicated that the universe is expanding?
-Only stars in the main sequence are moving away from Earth.
-Galaxies are moving closer to Earth.
-Spectras of galaxies were shifted toward the blue end.
-Spectras of galaxies were shifted toward the red end.
Tuesday, January 29, 2008
PREFIX: spect- to look, see inspect
examples: spectrum, spectroscope
SUFFIX: -verse (root word) turned into, to turn
examples: universe, reverse, inverse
FACT:
Radio astronomy began in 1932, when engineer Karl Jansky was trying to track
down ""static"" that was interfering with long-distance radio communication.
He found interference coming from space - but astronomers of the time
weren't interested. http://www.firstscience.com/home/facts.html
QUESTION:
Which of the following is not a space telescope?
- Hubble Space Telescope - Chandra X-ray Observatory
- Challenger - Spitzer Space Telescope
Monday, January 28, 2008
PREFIX: uni- one, together
examples: universe, united, uniform
SUFFIX: -graph write, writing
examples: seismograph, spectrograph
FACT: “The most distant objects in the known universe are quasars: stars
that send out powerful radio waves. Because their distance makes them so
ancient, quasars provide astronomers with extremely valuable information
about the birth of the universe.” - Glen Vecchione, Science Facts, 2004
QUESTION:
Which of these is considered to be evidence of the big bang?
- absolute zero - the asteroid belt
- existence of black dwarf stars - cosmic background radiation
Friday, January 25, 2008
PREFIX OF THE DAY:
astr- means star or outer space
SUFFIX OF THE DAY:
-nomy A system of laws governing or a body of knowledge about a specific
field.
FACT OF THE DAY:
People who study erupting volcanoes, the bottom of the ocean, hurricanes and
tornadoes, raging rivers, the solar system and universe are all considered
geoscientists. The geosciences include all branches of Earth science:
Astronomy, Meteorology, Geology, and Hydrology. –
www3.nsta.org/main/news/pdf/ss0110_38.pdf
QUESTION OF THE DAY:
A possible explanation for a scientific problem is called a(n):
- Experiment - Observation
- Theory - Hypothesis
Thursday, January 24, 2008
PREFIX OF THE DAY:
ultra- means 1. beyond the range, scope, or limit of;
2. on the other side of (1/1000)
SUFFIX OF THE DAY:
-scope means an instrument for viewing or observing
FACT OF THE DAY:
“Many early scientists were Greek philosophers, which, as defined by the
ancient Greeks, meant people who search for knowledge for its own sake.”
– Janice VanCleave, Scientists Through the Ages, 2004, p. 5
QUESTION OF THE DAY:
The process in which experts in a given field examine the results and
conclusion of a scientist’s study before that study is submitted for
publication is called:
-Analysis - Peer Review
-Formulating a theory - Observation
Wednesday, January 23, 2008
PREFIX OF THE DAY: milli- means one thousandth (1/1000)
SUFFIX OF THE DAY: -sphere means round
FACT OF THE DAY:
By understanding how natural forces shape our environment, Earth scientists
can better predict potential disasters and help save lives and property.
QUESTION OF THE DAY:
1. Which scientist is most likely to chase tornadoes?
-an astronomer
-a meteorologist
-a geologist
-a paleontologist
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